Editing Fountains Abbey (section)

==Foundation==
After a dispute and riot in 1132 at the [[Benedictine]] house of [[St Mary's Abbey, York]], 13 monks were expelled, among them Saint [[Robert of Newminster]]. They were taken under the protection of [[Thurstan]], [[Archbishop of York]],<ref>{{harvnb|Coppack|1993|page=17}}</ref> who provided them with land in the valley of the [[River Skell]], a tributary of the [[River Ure|Ure]]. The enclosed valley had all the natural features needed for the creation of a monastery, providing shelter from the weather, stone and timber for building, and a supply of running water.<ref name="History of the Abbey">{{cite web|url=http://www.fountainsabbey.org.uk/html/visiting/what-to-see/the-abbey/ |title= The Abbey |publisher=The National Trust |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914061614/http://www.fountainsabbey.org.uk/html/visiting/what-to-see/the-abbey/ |archive-date=14 September 2008 |work=Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal}}</ref> The six springs that watered the site inspired the monks to give it the name of Fountains.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mills |first=A. D. |date=2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXucAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 |title=A Dictionary of British Place Names |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=193 |isbn=978-0-19-107894-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Hourihane |editor-first=Colum |date=2012 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA552 |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |chapter=Fountains Abbey |volume=2 |page=552 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-539536-5}}</ref>

After enduring a harsh winter in 1133, the monks applied to join the Cistercian order, which since the end of the previous century had been a fast-growing reform movement and by the beginning of the 13th century had more than 500 houses. In 1135 Fountains became the second Cistercian house in northern England, after [[Rievaulx Abbey|Rievaulx]]. The monks of Fountains became subject to [[Clairvaux Abbey]] in [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]], which was under the rule of [[Bernard of Clairvaux|St Bernard]]. Under the guidance of [[Geoffrey of Ainai]], a monk sent from Clairvaux, the group learned how to celebrate the seven [[Canonical Hours]] according to Cistercian usage and were shown how to construct wooden buildings in accordance with [[Cistercian architecture|Cistercian practice]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Brian Patrick |editor-last=McGuire |title=A Companion to Bernard of Clairvaux|publisher= Brill, Leiden|year= 2011 |page= 198}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/fountains/history/foundation/ |title= Foundation: a Cistercian identity |access-date=5 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="vch">{{cite book |editor-last=Page |editor-first=William |chapter=Houses of Cistercian monks:Fountains|
chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36236|title=A History of the County of York: Volume 3 |publisher=British History Online |pages=134–138 |year=1974 |access-date=9 February 2012}}</ref>