Editing Fortaleza (section)

==History==
===Colonial period===
{{See also|Timeline of Fortaleza|History of Brazil}}
[[File:Fort schoonenborch.jpg|thumb|left|Plan of Fort Schoonenborch in 1649]]
Colonisation began in 1603 when [[Portugal]] was part of the [[Iberian Union]], when the [[Portuguese People|Portuguese]] [[Pero Coelho de Souza]] constructed the Fort of São Tiago and founded the settlement of ''Nova Lisboa'' (New [[Lisbon]]).{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} After a victory over the French in 1612, [[Martins Soares Moreno]] expanded the Fort of São Tiago and changed its name to Forte de São Sebastião.<ref name=visit>[http://www.visitfortaleza.com/ceara/history.html History of Fortaleza and Ceará] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120857/http://www.visitfortaleza.com/ceara/history.html |date=July 14, 2014 }} at Fortaleza, Ceará site</ref>

In 1630 the Dutch invaded the [[Brazilian Northeast]] and in 1637 they took the Fort of São Sebastião and ruled over Ceará. In battles with the Portuguese and natives in 1644 the fort was destroyed.<ref name=visit/> Under captain Matthias Beck the [[Dutch West Indies Company]] built a new fortress by the banks of river Pajeú. Fort ''Schoonenborch'' ("graceful stronghold") officially opened on 19 August 1649. After the capitulation of [[Pernambuco]] in 1654, the Dutch handed over this fortress to the Portuguese, who renamed it ''Fortaleza da Nossa Senhora de Assunção'' ("Fortress of Our Lady of the Assumption"), after which the city of Fortaleza takes its name.<ref>[http://www.visitfortaleza.com/travel/fort-nossa-senhora-assuncao.html The Fortress of Nossa Senhora da Assunção] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609163844/http://www.visitfortaleza.com/travel/fort-nossa-senhora-assuncao.html |date=June 9, 2014 }} at Fortaleza, Ceará site</ref>

Fortaleza was officially founded as a village 1726, becoming the capital of [[Ceará]] state in 1799.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/cities/city=11693/profile-detail.html|title=Fortaleza|work=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil|publisher=FIFA|access-date=May 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515025706/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/cities/city=11693/profile-detail.html|archive-date=May 15, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Imperial period===
During the 19th century, Fortaleza was consolidated as an urban centre in Ceará, supported by the cotton industry. With the transformation of the city into a regional export center and with the increase of direct navigation to Europe, the customs building of Fortaleza was built in 1812. In 1824, the city was targeted by the revolutionaries of [[Confederation of the Equator]].{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

===Republican period===
[[File:Praça do Ferreira com coreto 1920.PNG|thumb|left|Ferreira Square in 1920]]
[[File:Rua Pedro Borges, Fortaleza, (CE).tif|thumb|Fortaleza in 1935]]
The city gained a number of new districts in the 1930s, including Messejana and Porangaba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fortaleza: Historia |url=https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ce/fortaleza/historico |publisher=IBGE |access-date=27 June 2020 |language=pt |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731201518/https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ce/fortaleza/historico |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 1954, the first university in the city was created, the [[Universidade Federal do Ceará]] (UFC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/universities/universidade-federal-do-cear%C3%A1-ufc/undergrad|title=Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)|date=December 13, 2012|access-date=December 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221041333/http://www.topuniversities.com/universities/universidade-federal-do-cear%C3%A1-ufc/undergrad|archive-date=December 21, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1983 the city started to integrate the territory of the new city of [[Maracanaú]], which, just some years ago, was made again part of the Greater Fortaleza (the city's Metropolitan area). In the 1980s, Fortaleza exceeded [[Recife]] in population terms, becoming the second most populous city in [[Northeastern Brazil]], with 2,571,896 inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortaleza.askdefinebeta.com/|title=Define fortaleza - Dictionary and Thesaurus|access-date=December 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422022506/http://fortaleza.askdefinebeta.com/|archive-date=April 22, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>