Editing Fort Vancouver (section)

==Background==
{{Main|Oregon boundary dispute}}
[[File:Oregoncountry2.png|thumb|Map of the Pacific Northwest "jointly occupied" by the US and Britain. The influence of Fort Vancouver and its secondary stations extended from Russian America to Mexican ruled Alta California.]]

During the [[War of 1812]], the Pacific Northwest was a distant region of the conflict. Two rival fur trading outfits, the Canadian [[North West Company]] (NWC) and the American [[Pacific Fur Company]] (PFC), had until then both operated in the region peaceably. Funded largely by [[John Jacob Astor]], the PFC operated without many opportunities for military defense by the [[United States Navy]]. News of the war and of a coming British warship put the American company in a difficult position. In October 1813, management met at [[Fort Astoria]] and agreed to transfer its assets to the NWC. [[HMS Racoon (1808)|HMS ''Racoon'']] arrived the following month and in honor of [[George III|George III of the United Kingdom]], '''Fort Astoria''' was renamed to '''Fort George'''.{{sfn|Franchère|Huntington|1854|pp=190–193, 200–201}}

In negotiations with American [[Albert Gallatin]] throughout 1818, British [[plenipotentiary]] [[Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon|Frederick John Robinson]] was offered a proposition for a partition that would have, as Gallatin stated, "all the waters emptying in the sound called the [[Gulf of Georgia]]."{{sfn|Merk|1950|p=538}} Frederick Merk has argued the definition used by the negotiators of the Gulf of Georgia included the entirety of the [[Puget Sound]], in addition to the Straits of [[Strait of Georgia|Georgia]] and [[Strait of Juan de Fuca|Juan de Fuca]].{{sfn|Merk|1950|pp=538–539}} This would have given the United Kingdom the most favorable location for ports north of [[Alta California]] and south of Russian America.{{sfn|Merk|1950|p=539}} Robinson did not agree to the proposal and subsequent talks did not focus on establishing a permanent border west of the Rocky Mountains.

The [[Treaty of 1818]] made the resources of the vast region were to be "free and open" to citizens from either nation.{{sfn|Miller|1931|p=660}} The treaty wasn't made to combine American and British interests against other colonial powers in the region. Rather, the document states that the joint occupancy of the Pacific Northwest was intended to "prevent disputes" between the two nations from arising.{{sfn|Miller|1931|p=660}} In the ensuing years, the North West Company continued to expand its operations in the Pacific Northwest. Skirmishes with its major competitor, the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] (HBC), had already flared into the [[Pemmican War]]. The end of the conflict in 1821 saw the NWC mandated by the British Government to merge into the HBC.

===Later negotiations===
Throughout 1825 and 1826, British officials continued to offer Americans partition plans for the Pacific Coast of North America. These largely originated in part from correspondence with the NWC and later HBC. The border would continue to extend west on the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains, where the Columbia (and some times the Snake River) would be used as the border until it reached the Pacific Ocean. [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)|Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]] [[George Canning]] has been appraised by later historians as the most supportive British Foreign minister in securing a border along the Columbia.{{sfn|Galbraith|1957a|pp=184–188}} [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Henry Clay]] had given instructions to the American plenipotentiaries to offer a partition of the Pacific Northwest along the 49th parallel to the Pacific Ocean.{{sfn|Meany|1914|p=221}} The difference in the two considered plans were too much to solve, making the diplomats put off a formal colonial division once more.