Editing Forensic palynology (section)

== Present status ==
Forensic palynology is an evolving forensic science application. And is mostly utilized in countries such as [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name=":3"/> It is relatively "small, disparate, and fragmented" compared to the other approaches, thus, there is no thorough guide to achieve the best practice in forensic palynology.<ref name="Wiltshire 2016 4–24">{{Cite journal |last=Wiltshire |first=Patricia E. J. |date=2016 |title=Protocols for forensic palynology |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24741963 |journal=Palynology |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=4–24 |doi=10.1080/01916122.2015.1091138 |jstor=24741963 |bibcode=2016Paly...40....4W |s2cid=131148113 |issn=0191-6122}}</ref> Moreover, there is a limit in forensic palynologists as most skilled palynologists do not enter the forensic palynology field.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bryant |first=V. M. |title=USE OF QUATERNARY PROXIES IN FORENSIC SCIENCE {{!}} Analytical Techniques in Forensic Palynology |date=2013-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444536433003630 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (Second Edition) |pages=556–566 |editor-last=Elias |editor-first=Scott A. |place=Amsterdam |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-444-53643-3.00363-0 |isbn=978-0-444-53642-6 |access-date=2022-03-04 |editor2-last=Mock |editor2-first=Cary J.}}</ref> As becoming a Forensic Palynologist requires rigorous training and education, one must attain a PhD with sufficient background in studies such as forensic science, botany, ecology, geography, and climatology.<ref name=":6" /> Most importantly they must receive training in the field of quaternary science.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Elon |date=2015-11-17 |title=How Pollen Solves Crimes |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/11/fighting-crime-with-pollen/416259/ |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Recently however, there has been expansive research into areas that have yet to well documented, such as the study that did research on the effects that an arid climate had on pollen analytics that took place in southeast Spain.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Ochando |first1=Juan |last2=Munuera |first2=Manuel |last3=Carrión |first3=José S. |last4=Fernández |first4=Santiago |last5=Amorós |first5=Gabriela |last6=Recalde |first6=Julio |date=2018-12-01 |title=Forensic palynology revisited: Case studies from semi-arid Spain |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666718300265 |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |volume=259 |pages=29–38 |doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.09.015 |bibcode=2018RPaPa.259...29O |issn=0034-6667}}</ref> This study not only expanded the use of forensic palynology into new parts of the world that have not yet been introduced to this science, but also collected results that outline a proper method for pollen spectra collecting that is effective in arid conditions.<ref name=":12" /> Another recent study did research in Bolivia to study the pollen assemblage in high altitude soils, this study also created a forensic database for uses in non-seasonal soil.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Serrudo Gonzáles |first1=Vanesa |last2=Ortuño Limarino |first2=Teresa |last3=Duchen |first3=Pablo |date=2024-01-01 |title=Use of pollen assemblages as forensic evidence in non-seasonal high-altitude soils |journal=Science & Justice |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=73–80 |doi=10.1016/j.scijus.2023.11.008 |issn=1355-0306|doi-access=free |pmid=38182315}}</ref> This database creation is allowing forensic palynology to be used in a more broad area now, as data for both high altitude pollen assemblage and non-seasonal soil data has been collected.<ref name=":7" /> Another recent advancement in forensic palynology is the massive expansion of the largest pollen database on the internet, PalDat. The University of Vienna and AGES worked to integrate over 2000 datasets consisting of detailed methods for pollen analysis including the use of high resolution light microscopy micrographs of hydrated pollen, and polarity ratios to determine the shape and aperture position of a pollen grain.<ref name=":82">{{Cite journal |last1=Koelzer |first1=Karen |last2=Weber |first2=Martina |last3=Ulrich |first3=Silvia |date=2023-07-04 |title=Integration of the pollen database PONET into PalDat with new features for light microscopy |journal=Grana |language=en |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=221–227 |doi=10.1080/00173134.2023.2256328 |issn=0017-3134|doi-access=free |bibcode=2023Grana..62..221K}}</ref>