Editing Foreign relations of Mexico (section)

==Foreign policy==
[[File:ANEXO DE LAS NUEVAS OFICINAS CENTRALES DE LA S. R. E..jpg|thumb|right|200px|Current headquarters of the [[Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Secretariat of Foreign Affairs]].]]
The Article 89, Section 10 of the [[Constitution of Mexico|Political Constitution of the United Mexican States]] states the principles of the Mexican foreign policy,<ref name="CPEUM89">{{cite web|author=Political Constitution of the United Mexican States |title=Article 89, Section 10 |date=February 5, 1917 |publisher=Chamber of Deputies |url=http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/1.pdf |access-date=March 28, 2009 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916033121/http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/1.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> which were officially incorporated in 1988.<ref>Pereña-García (2001), p. 35.</ref> The direction that the foreign policy will take lies on the [[President of Mexico|President]], as the [[head of state]],<ref name="CPEUM89"/> and it is executed through the [[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]].<ref name="SRE">{{cite web | author=Internal Rules of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Article 2, Section 1 | date=August 10, 2001 | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acerca/marco_normativo/reglamento.htm#1 | access-date=March 28, 2009 | language=es | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611012801/http://www.sre.gob.mx/acerca/marco_normativo/reglamento.htm#1 | archive-date=June 11, 2008}}</ref> Textually, the article establishes that:
{{blockquote|The powers and duties of the [[President of Mexico|President]] are the following:
: X. To direct the [[foreign policy]] and conclude [[international treaties]], as well as end, denounce, suspend, modify, emend, retire reserves and formulate interpretative declarations about the formers, submitting them to the ratification of the [[Senate (Mexico)|Senate]]. In the conducting of this policy, the [[head of state|Head of the Executive Power]] will observe the following standard principles: the [[self-determination|self-determination of peoples]], the [[non-intervention]], the [[Dispute resolution|peaceful resolution of disputes]], the proscription of threat or the use of force in the [[international relations]], the [[Sovereign state|legal equality of states]], the [[Internationalism (politics)|international cooperation]] for development, and the struggle for [[international peace]] and [[international security|security]].}}

{{Main|Estrada Doctrine}}
[[File:JCH 6442 (22802505643).jpg|thumb|The heads of delegations from left to right: [[Enrique Peña Nieto]], [[François Hollande]], [[Angela Merkel]], [[Michelle Bachelet]] at the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]].]]
Aside from these principles constitutionally recognized, the foreign policy has been based on some [[Foreign policy doctrine|doctrine]]s. The [[Estrada Doctrine]] as the most influential and representative instrument in this field, proclaimed in the early 1930s and strictly applied until 2000,<ref name=estradadoctrine/> claimed that foreign governments should not judge, positively or negatively, the governments or changes in government of other nations, since such action would be a breach of their [[sovereignty]].<ref>{{cite web |language=es |last=Rodríguez |first=Itzel |title=De actualidad política: ¿Qué dice la doctrina Estrada? |url=http://sepiensa.org.mx/contenidos/h_mexicanas/s.xx/estrada/estrada1.htm |access-date=April 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331175152/http://sepiensa.org.mx/contenidos/h_mexicanas/s.xx/estrada/estrada1.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2009}}</ref> This policy was said to be based on the principles of [[non-intervention]], [[Dispute resolution|peaceful resolution of disputes]] and [[self-determination|self-determination of all nations]].<ref name=estradadoctrine>{{cite web |language=es |last=Palacios Treviño |first=Jorge |title=La Doctrina Estrada y el Principio de la No-Intervención |url=http://www.diplomaticosescritores.org/obras/DOCTRINAESTRADA.pdf |access-date=April 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206085102/http://diplomaticosescritores.org/obras/DOCTRINAESTRADA.pdf |archive-date=February 6, 2009}}</ref>
{{Main|Castañeda Doctrine}}
During the first presidency of the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]], [[Vicente Fox]] appointed [[Jorge Castañeda Gutman|Jorge Castañeda]] to be his [[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]]. Castañeda immediately broke with the Estrada Doctrine, promoting what was called by critics the "[[Castañeda Doctrine]]".<ref>{{cite web | last=Menéndez Quintero | first=Marina | title=Adiós, Castañeda | url=http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/909.cfm | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=April 19, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419070104/http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/909.cfm | url-status=live }}</ref> The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the [[international community]], and the increase of Mexican involvement in [[foreign affairs]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Ramírez | first=Carlos | title=Doctrina Estrada; doctrina Castañeda | url=http://mx.geocities.com/cencoalt/110901/doctrina.htm | date=September 28, 2001 | access-date=April 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723163555/http://mx.geocities.com/cencoalt/110901/doctrina.htm |archive-date=July 23, 2009}}</ref>

On November 28, 2006, former President [[Felipe Calderón]] announced that [[Patricia Espinosa]] would serve as his Secretary of Foreign Affairs starting on December 1, 2006. He declared priorities include the diversification of the [[Mexico–United States relations|Mexico–United States agenda]], heavily concentrated on [[Immigration to the United States|immigration]] and [[Mexican Drug War|security issues]], and the rebuilding of [[diplomatic relations]] with [[Cuba]] and [[Venezuela]], which were heavily strained during the [[Vicente Fox Quesada|Fox administration]],<ref name="Espinosa">{{cite web | author=Benavides, Carlos | title="Se hará política exterior de Estado": Patricia Espinosa | date=November 29, 2006 | work=[[El Universal (Mexico)|El Universal]] | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/145990.html | access-date=March 29, 2009 | language=es | archive-date=April 12, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412053605/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/145990.html | url-status=live }}</ref> as well as giving greater priority to Latin America and the [[Caribbean]] states.<ref name="Calderon FP">{{cite web |author=Dirección General de Coordinación Política |title=Se hará política exterior de Estado: Patricia Espinosa |date=December 2, 2008 |publisher=Senate of the Republic |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/gace.php?sesion=2008/12/04/1&documento=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513104203/http://www.senado.gob.mx/gace.php?sesion=2008%2F12%2F04%2F1&documento=4 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 13, 2011 |access-date=March 29, 2009 |language=es}}</ref>