Editing Fishing rod (section)

==History==
===Fly fishing===
[[File:Ustonson advert.jpg|thumb|right|[[Trading card]] of the Ustonson company, an early firm specializing in fishing rods, and holder of a [[Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom)|Royal Warrant]] from the 1760s]]
The art of fly fishing took a great leap forward after the [[English Civil War]], where a newly found interest in the activity left its mark on the many books and [[Treatise|treatises]] that were written on the subject at the time. The renowned officer in the [[Parliamentary army]], [[Robert Venables]], published in 1662 ''The Experienced Angler, or Angling improved, being a general discourse of angling, imparting many of the aptest ways and choicest experiments for the taking of most sorts of fish in pond or river''.<ref name="Herdfly">{{Cite web|url=http://www.flyfishinghistory.com/tech15th.htm|title=Fly fishing techniques in the fifteenth century|author=Andrew N. Herd|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621090524/http://www.flyfishinghistory.com/tech15th.htm|archive-date=21 June 2014|df=dmy-all|access-date=16 July 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Compleat Angler|Compleat Angler]]'' was written by [[Izaak Walton]] in 1653 (although Walton continued to add to it for a quarter of a century) and described the fishing in the [[Derbyshire]] [[River Wye, Derbyshire|Wye]]. It was a celebration of the art and spirit of fishing in prose and verse; six verses were quoted from [[John Dennys]]'s earlier work. A second part to the book was added by Walton's friend [[Charles Cotton]].<ref name="Herdfly"/>

The 18th century was mainly an era of consolidation of the techniques developed in the previous century. Running rings began to appear along the fishing rods, which gave anglers greater control over the cast line. The rods themselves were also becoming increasingly sophisticated and specialized for different roles. Jointed rods became common from the middle of the century and [[bamboo]] came to be used for the top section of the rod, giving it a much greater strength and flexibility.

The industry also became commercialized – rods and tackle were sold at the [[Haberdasher|haberdashers]] store. After the [[Great Fire of London]] in 1666, artisans moved to [[Redditch]] which became a centre of production of fishing related products from the 1730s. [[Onesimus Ustonson]] established his trading shop in 1761, and his establishment remained as a market leader for the next century. He received a [[Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom)|Royal Warrant]] from three successive monarchs starting with King [[George IV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greatflyfishingtips.com/welcome-to-great-fly-fishing-tips/|title=Welcome To Great Fly Fishing Tips|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627040414/http://www.greatflyfishingtips.com/welcome-to-great-fly-fishing-tips/|archive-date=27 June 2017|df=dmy-all|access-date=16 July 2014}}</ref>

===Technological improvements===
The impact of the [[Industrial Revolution]] was first felt in the manufacture of fly lines. Instead of anglers twisting their own lines, a laborious and time-consuming process, the new [[textile]] spinning machines allowed for a variety of tapered lines to be easily manufactured and marketed.

[[Image:BrookesFrontpiece1790.JPG|thumb|left|Frontispiece from ''The Art of Angling'' by [[Richard Brookes]], 1790]]
The material used for the rod itself changed from the heavy woods native to England, to lighter and more elastic varieties imported from abroad, especially from [[South America]] and the [[West Indies]]. [[Bamboo]] rods became the generally favored option from the mid 19th century, and several strips of the material were cut from the cane, milled into shape, and then glued together to form light, strong, hexagonal rods with a solid core that were superior to anything that preceded them.<ref name="Brit">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/208708/fishing/2330/Early-history#ref70275|title=fishing|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504214050/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/208708/fishing/2330/Early-history#ref70275|archive-date=4 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Other materials used, were [[bamboo|Tonkin bamboo]] [[Reed (plant)|Calcutta reed]], [[ash wood]], [[hickory]], [[ironwood]]<!-- disambuguate? -->, [[maple]], [[Oxandra lanceolata|lancewood]], or [[malacca cane]]. These products were light, tough, and pliable. Rods were generally made in three pieces called a butt, midsection, and tip. The butts were frequently made of maple, with bored bottom; this butt outlasted several tops. Midsections were generally made from ironwood because it was a thicker, strong wood. Tips were generally made from bamboo for its elasticity which could throw the bait further and more accurately. Handles and grips were generally of cork, wood, or wrapped cane. Many different types of glue held these sections together, most commonly Irish glue and bone glue. This was until hilton glue, or cement glue, was introduced because of its waterproof qualities.<ref name="Norris 1864">{{cite book|last=Norris|first=Thaddeus|title=The American Angler|year=1864|publisher=E. H. Butler|location=Philadelphia}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=William|title=The Practical Angler|url=https://archive.org/details/anglerpractical00stewrich|year=1905|publisher=A. and C. Black|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clemens|first=Dale|title=Advanced Custom Rod Building|url=https://archive.org/details/advancedcustomro0000clem|url-access=registration|year=1978|publisher=Winchester Press|location=London|isbn=9780832925870 }}</ref> Even today, Tonkin [[bamboo fly rods|split-bamboo rods]] are still popular in fly fishing.

Until the mid 19th century, rods were generally made in [[England]]. This changed in 1846 when American Samuel Phillippe introduced an imported fishing rod the first six strips of Calcutta cane made in Bavaria where Phillippe was importing Violins that he passed off as his own hand work. Split-cane rods were later independently produced after Phillippe started to sell the imported rods to a New York retailer and then copied by Americans Charles Orvis, Hiram Leonard and Englishman William Hardy in the 1870s and mass production methods made these rods accessible to the public.<ref name=Phillips2000>{{cite book|last=Phillips|first=Don|title=The Technology of Fly Rods|year=2000|publisher=Frank Amato Publications|location=Portland, Oregon}}</ref> Horton Manufacturing Company first introduced an all [[steel]] rod in 1913. These rods were heavy and flexible and did not satisfy many customers. The next big occurrence in fishing rods was the introduction of the fiberglass rod in the 1940s and was developed by Robert Gayle and a Mr. Mcguire.<ref name=Phillips2000 />

[[Boron]] and [[Graphite]] rods came around in the 1960s and 1970s when the United States and United Kingdom invested considerable research into developing the new technologies. Hewitt and Howald were the first to come up with a way to lay the fibers into the shape of a fishing rod by wrapping them around a piece of balsa wood. However, by 1977, [[boron]] fibre technology had been muscled out by the cheaper material [[graphite]] and was no longer competitive in the market.<ref name=Phillips2000 />

Rods for travelers were made with nickel-silver metal joints, or ferrules, that could be inserted into one another forming the rod. Some of them were made to be used as a walking cane until needed for sport. Since the 1980s, with the advent of flexible, yet stiff graphite ferrules, travel rod technology has greatly advanced, and multi-piece travel rods that can be transported in a suitcase or backpack constitute a large share of the market.