Editing Filipino martial arts (section)

==History==
[[File:Naturales_3.png|thumb|Tagalog man carries a weapon, possibly a [[Kalis]].  This is from the [[Boxer Codex]], circa 1590 A.D.]]
Historically there was no term for "martial arts" in any Philippine language, the Filipino term ''"sining panlaban"'' is a [[loan translation]] of the English term. Because of the lack of historical accounts and archaeological records that made references and descriptions on the natives' ways of fighting and training in a combat system, it is somewhat difficult for historians and anthropologists to pinpoint the exact year or era when native Filipinos started to codify or drill their personnel in an established fighting system. Filipino martial artists often cite the [[Battle of Mactan]] as a historical testament to the existence of Filipino martial arts, but the narrative of the chronicler, [[Antonio Pigafetta]], only described the events of the battle and the culture of the natives superficially. Spanish reports from the late-16th century to the 19th century did not name a method of fighting amongst the natives despite carrying weapons with them all the time nor did they describe any kind of reference of a martial art that was practiced by the natives who were serving in Spanish garrisons all over the islands, though that does not mean that natives could not fight, as human aggression is the primary source of [[violence]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Aggression and Violence |url=https://nobaproject.com/modules/aggression-and-violence |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Noba |language=en}}</ref> which are most likely motivated by constant warfare especially the [[Sambal people|Sambal]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bourne |first=Edward Gaylord |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16501 |title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 — Volume 05 of 551582-1583Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and Their Peoples, Their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, Showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of Those Islands from Their Earliest Relations with European Nations to the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century |date=2005-08-09 |editor-last=Blair |editor-first=Emma Helen |language=English |quote=Next comes Bulinao, also inhabited by Çambales; but the province belongs to his Majesty. It has a population of about four hundred peaceful Indians, besides many more who live among the mountains. The latter are a warlike people, whose only delight and satisfaction is in waging war and in cutting off one another’s heads, which they hang up in their houses. |editor-last2=Robertson |editor-first2=James Alexander}}</ref> [[Kapampangan people|Pampangos]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bourne |first=Edward Gaylord |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/47953 |title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume 37, 1669-1676Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century |date=2015-01-13 |editor-last=Blair |editor-first=Emma Helen |language=English |quote=The chapter closes with the beginning of the insurrection of [221]the Pampangos in 1660, “the most warlike and noble people in these islands, and near Manila.” |editor-last2=Robertson |editor-first2=James Alexander}}</ref> and the [[Visayans]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bourne |first=Edward Gaylord |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16501 |title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 — Volume 05 of 551582-1583Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and Their Peoples, Their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, Showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of Those Islands from Their Earliest Relations with European Nations to the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century |date=2005-08-09 |editor-last=Blair |editor-first=Emma Helen |language=English |quote=The Pintados are a courageous and warlike race; they have continually waged war on both land and sea. |editor-last2=Robertson |editor-first2=James Alexander}}</ref> The earliest description on the natives' fighting methods is in a report by Francisco de Sande in Manila, about natives in Zambales carrying "several daggers around their belts" and men carrying battle-axes in their squadron and some well-placed arquebusiers,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bourne |first=Edward Gaylord |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12635 |title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 — Volume 04 of 551576-1582Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and Their Peoples, Their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, Showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of Those Islands from Their Earliest Relations with European Nations to the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century |date=2004-06-01 |editor-last=Blair |editor-first=Emma Helen |language=English |quote=They say that the corsair remained with the ships; but that in the boats there were seven hundred men, among whom were a few arquebusiers, and many pikemen, besides men armed with battle-axes. [1] They were clad in corselets which are coats lined with exceedingly thick cotton. They had durable bamboo hats, which served as helmets; they carried cutlasses, and several daggers in their belts; and all were barefoot. Their manner of warfare or of fighting, was to form a squadron composed of men with battle-axes, among whom were placed some arquebusiers, a few of the latter going ahead as skirmishers. |editor-last2=Robertson |editor-first2=James Alexander}}</ref> but none about describing any kind of formalized drills and training for combat which would define a [[Martial arts|martial art]] as archeological discovery and historical accounts on the description of centuries-old weapons does not mean that there was a systemized method of fighting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Origins and Types of Martial Arts |url=https://www.liveabout.com/what-are-martial-arts-2307702 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=LiveAbout |language=en |quote=The term martial arts refers to all of the various systems of training for combat that have been arranged or systematized}}</ref> Another interesting report from 1629 implied that the natives were recently taught how to wield a sword presumably in the Spanish way<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bourne |first=Edward Gaylord |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16451 |title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 — Volume 23 of 551629-30Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century. |date=2005-08-06 |editor-last=Blair |editor-first=Emma Helen |language=English |quote=This reacts against the Spaniards themselves, for, once aroused, the Indians will rebel when least expected; and they know already how to wield a sword and use an arquebus. |editor-last2=Robertson |editor-first2=James Alexander}}</ref> and in 1764 report by Baltasar Vela who spoke of "drilled Indians" attacking the English in Manila.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/56778 |title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; Volume 49Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century |date=2018-03-18 |others=Edward Gaylord Bourne |editor-last=Blair |editor-first=Emma Helen |language=English |quote=A reënforcement of drilled Indians came, but they were not allowed to make a sally, for the archbishop-governor said that it was better to seize the enemy without grievously vexing him. |editor-last2=Robertson |editor-first2=James Alexander}}</ref>

In the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the [[History of boxing in the Philippines|US administration formally introduced boxing in the islands]] and in the following years in early to mid-20th century, Japanese businessmen introduced and taught [[Japanese Martial Arts|Japanese martial arts]] in the islands, especially [[Judo]], and during World War II it became common for Filipino martial artists to incorporate Japanese martial arts in their respective styles.<ref>https://www.usadojo.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/FMA-Special-Edition_Judo-Philippines.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>

<ref>Querubin, E. (June 1966). It All Began 800 Years Ago. Black Belt, 14-16.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=May 2024|reason=Not from a historian}} Native martial arts that were possibly forerunners to the modern [[Arnis de Mano]] started to exist by the 14th century. Arnis is characterized as sabre play that uses a pair of rattan canes or short wooden canes. Ancient Filipinos were considered skilled in dagger and the broad-sword before the Spanish colonization of the Philippines{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}.

[[Silat]] is another martial art culturally practiced in Southern Philippines, that was imported there from either Brunei or Malaysia, considering its close proximity with [[Borneo]], and from there to [[Malaysia]]. Silat was popular among the royal families of the South and Muslim area of the country. There are also fighting systems such as [[Sikaran]] and [[Kuntaw]]. Kuntaw is considered on the verge of being extinct. Sikaran is an old style that is popular in the areas around [[Manila]]. The competition of Sikaran involved two teams or individuals in  the area of a rice paddy in the time of dry season {{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}.

Today there are said to be almost as many Filipino fighting styles as there are islands in the [[Philippines]]. In 1972, the [[Government of the Philippines|Philippine government]] included Filipino martial arts into the national sports arena. The Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports also incorporated them into the physical education curriculum for high school and college students. In recent history, Richardson C. Gialogo and Aniano Lota, Jr. helped the [[Department of Education (Philippines)|Department of Education]] (DepEd), former Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, in the promotion of Arnis in the public schools. The Task Force on School Sports (TFSS) headed by Mr. Feliciano Toledo asked Richard Gialogo and Jon Lota to conduct national, regional and provincial seminar-workshops all over the Philippines under the auspices of the Philippine government. This resulted to the inclusion of Arnis in the ''[[Palarong Pambansa]]'' (National Games) in 2006. The efforts of the two and Senator [[Miguel Zubiri]] resulted in Arnis being declared as the National Martial Art and Sport of the Philippines by virtue of Republic Act 9850 which was signed into law in 2009. Knowledge of the Filipino fighting skills is mandatory in the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines|Philippine military]] and [[Philippine National Police|police]].

Filipino martial arts are considered the most advanced practical modern blade system in the world and are now a core component of the [[Combatives|U.S. Army's Modern Army Combatives]] program<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moderncombatives.org/history.html |title=Modern Army Combatives - History |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628194737/http://www.moderncombatives.org/history.html |archivedate=June 28, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="WagnerFilipinoKaliAlive">[https://www.usadojo.com/filipino-kali-is-alive-and-well-in-todays-police-and-military-training/ Filipino Kali is Alive and Well in Today's Police and Military Training] Jim Wagner, April 10, 2014, USA Dojo.com, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114224/http://www.usadojo.com/articles/jim-wagner/filipino-kali-alive.htm Archived] from the original on March 4, 2016, on the [[Wayback Machine]].</ref><ref name="fortHoodMarcDenny">[http://www.forthoodsentinel.com/story.php?id=1533 ‘Crafty Dog’ teaches knife, stick fighting] Michael Heckman, Fort Hood Sentinel, August 6, 2009. Marc "Crafty Dog" Denny from the Dog Brothers helped Matt Larsen develop fighting methods taught in the [[Modern Army Combatives]] Program</ref> and used by the [[Spetsnaz|Russian Spetsnaz (special forces)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/young-star/558911/greatest-filipino-cultural-export-kicking-ass|title=The Greatest Filipino Export is Kicking Ass|author=Jessica Zafra|publisher=Philippine Star|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806012716/http://www.philstar.com/young-star/558911/greatest-filipino-cultural-export-kicking-ass|archive-date=August 6, 2016|url-status=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/sim/sim/view/20100612-275230/In-the-Stick-of-Things|title=In the Stick of Things|author=Ross Harper Alonso|date=June 12, 2010|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615170421/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/sim/sim/view/20100612-275230/In-the-Stick-of-Things|archivedate=June 15, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-z7QkYP3Xw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/N-z7QkYP3Xw| archive-date=December 11, 2021 |url-status=live|title=The Bladed Hand: The Global Impact of Filipino Martial Arts trailer|last=Ignacio|first=Jay|date=April 15, 2010|website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] used Filipino martial arts to train their [[Para (Indian Special Forces)]] of [[Indian Army]], [[National Security Guard]], [[MARCOS]] of [[Indian Navy]] and [[Commando]]s of [[Central Armed Police Forces]].
[[File:Kalis Kampilan 2.JPG|thumb|Filipino martial arts weapons]]