Editing Federalist (section)

== History ==
=== Europe federation ===
In [[Europe]], proponents of [[Federalisation of the European Union|deeper European integration]] are sometimes called Federalists. A major European [[NGO]] and [[advocacy group]] campaigning for such a political union is the [[Union of European Federalists]]. Movements towards a peacefully unified European state have existed since the 1920s, notably the [[Paneuropean Union]]. A pan-European party with representation in the [[European Parliament]] fighting for the same cause is [[Volt Europa]].

In the [[European Parliament]] the [[Spinelli Group]] brings together [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]]s from different political groups to work together of ideas and projects of European federalism; taking their name from Italian politician and MEP [[Altiero Spinelli]], who himself was a major proponent of European federalism, also meeting with fellow deputies in the [[Crocodile Club]].

Notable European Federalists are former [[European Commission]] [[President of the European Commission|president]] [[Jean-Claude Juncker]], current EC president [[Ursula von der Leyen]], leader of [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe|ALDE]] group [[Guy Verhofstadt]], German [[Federal_Ministry_for_Economic_Affairs_and_Energy |Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy of Germany]] [[Peter Altmaier]], German MEP [[Elmar Brok]] and the former leader of the [[SPD]] [[Martin Schulz]].

=== Latin America ===
In the [[Hispanic America|Spanish-speaking parts]] of [[Latin America]] the term "federalist" is used in reference to the politics of 19th-century [[Argentina]] and [[Colombia]].  The Federalists opposed the [[Unitarian Party|Unitarians]] in Argentina and the [[Centralist]]s in Colombia through the 19th century. Federalists fought for complete self-government and full provincial autonomy, as opposed to the [[Unitary state|centralized]] government that the Unitarians and Centralists favored. Furthermore, Federalists demanded [[tariff]] protection for their industries and, in Argentina, called for the end of the Buenos Aires customs as the only intermediary for foreign trade. During the [[Federal War]] (1859-1863) in Venezuela, liberal ''[[caudillo]]s'' confronted conservatives, leading to the establishment of the modern federal [[States of Venezuela]].

=== Argentina ===
The one [[Federalist Party (Argentina)|Federalist]] leader in the [[La Plata Basin|Platine Region]] was [[José Gervasio Artigas]], who opposed the centralist governments in Buenos Aires that followed the [[May Revolution]], and created instead the [[Liga Federal|Federal League]] in 1814 among several [[Provinces of Argentina|Argentine Provinces]] and the [[Banda Oriental]] (modern-day [[Uruguay]]). In 1819, the Federal armies rejected the [[Argentine Constitution of 1819|''centralist'' Constitution]] of the [[United Provinces of South America]] and defeated the forces of [[Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|Supreme Director]] [[José Rondeau]] at the 1820 [[Battle of Cepeda (1820)|Battle of Cepeda]], effectively ending the central government and securing Provinces' sovereignty through a series of inter-Provincial pacts (v.g. ''[[Treaty of Pilar]]'', ''[[Treaty of Benegas]]'', ''[[Quadrilateral Treaty]]''). A new National Constitution was proposed only in 1826, during the [[President of Argentina|Presidency]] of Unitarian [[Bernardino Rivadavia]], but it was again rejected by the Provinces, leading to the dissolution of the National Government the following year.

Federalist [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] Governor [[Manuel Dorrego]] took over the management of the foreign affairs of the United Provinces, but he was deposed and executed in 1828 by Unitarian General [[Juan Lavalle]], who commanded troops dissatisfied with the [[1828 Treaty of Montevideo|negotiations that ended]] the [[Cisplatine War|War with Brazil]]. The following year, [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]], leader of Buenos Aires Federalists, [[Battle of Márquez Bridge|defeated]] Lavalle and [[Cañuelas Pact|secured]] his resignation. Rosas was elected Governor of Buenos Aires later that year by the Provincial Legislature. To counteract these developments, the [[Unitarian League]] was created by General [[José María Paz]] in 1830, uniting nine Argentine Provinces. The 1831 [[Pacto Federal|Federal Pact]] between [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]], [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]] and [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]] Provinces opposed a military alliance to the League and ultimately defeated it during 1832, its former members joining the Federal Pact into a loose [[confederation]] of Provinces known as the [[Argentine Confederation]]. Although the Unitarians were exiled in neighboring countries, the [[Argentine Civil War|Civil War]] continued for two decades.

Buenos Aires Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas exerted a growing hegemony over the rest of the country during his 1835-1852 Government and resisted several Unitarian uprisings, but was finally [[Battle of Caseros|defeated in 1852]] by a coalition Army gathered by Entre Ríos Federalist Governor [[Justo José de Urquiza]], who accused Rosas of not complying with [[Pacto Federal|Federal Pact]] provisions for a National Constitution. In 1853, a [[Argentine Constitution of 1853|Federal Constitution]] was enacted (the current Constitution of Argentina, through amendments) and Urquiza was elected President of the [[Argentine Confederation]]. However, on the aftermath of 1852 [[Battle of Caseros]], the [[Province of Buenos Aires]] had seceded from the Confederation. In 1859, after the [[Battle of Cepeda (1859)|Battle of Cepeda]] the State of Buenos Aires rejoined the Confederation, although it was granted the right to make some amendments to its Constitution. Finally, after the 1861 [[Battle of Pavón]], Buenos Aires took over the Confederation.

The following federal governments fought the weaker Federalist and Autonomist resistances in the countryside until the 1870s. The last Autonomist rebellion in Buenos Aires was quelled in 1880, leading to the [[federalization of Buenos Aires]] city and the stabilization of the Argentine State and government through the [[National Autonomist Party]].

=== North America ===
==== Quebec ====
{{main|Federalism in Quebec}}
''Federalism'', in regard to the [[National Question]], refers to support for [[Quebec]] remaining within [[Canada]], while either keeping the ''[[status quo]]'' or pursuing greater autonomy and [[distinct society|constitutional recognition of a Quebec nation]], with corresponding rights and powers for Quebec within the Canadian federation. This ideology is opposed to [[Quebec sovereignty movement|Quebec sovereigntism]], proponents of Quebec independence, most often (but not for all followers) along with an economic union with Canada similar to the European Union.

==== United States ====
{{main|Federalism in the United States}}
In the [[United States]] the term ''[[Federalism in the United States|federalist]]'' usually applies to a member of one of the following groups:
* Statesmen and public figures supporting the proposed [[Constitution of the United States]] between 1787 and 1789. The most prominent advocates were [[James Madison]], [[Alexander Hamilton]], and [[John Jay]]. They published ''[[The Federalist Papers]]'', which expounded the principles of the early federalist movement to promote and adopt the proposed Constitution.
* Statesmen and public figures supporting the administrations of presidents [[George Washington]] (1789–1797) and [[John Adams]] (1797–1801). They became the [[Federalist Party]], founded by Alexander Hamilton. During the 1790s and early 1800s, the Federalist Party opposed the [[Democratic-Republican Party]] (founded by [[Thomas Jefferson]] and James Madison) over issues of how broadly or narrowly to apply the provisions of the new Constitution.

The [[Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies]] is an organization of [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] and [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]] lawyers and others dedicated to debate of these principles.