Editing Federal District (Brazil) (section)

==History==
[[File:Brasília_Inauguração_-_BR_RJANRIO_PH_0_FOT_00749_0005,_Acervo_do_Arquivo_Nacional.jpg|thumb|left|Brasília inauguration in 1960]]
From the first republican [[constitution]] there was already a device that foresaw the move of the federal capital from [[Rio de Janeiro]], at that time in the former [[Federal District of Brazil (1891–1960)|Federal District]] (1889–1960), to the interior of the country. In 1891 the Exploration Commission of the Central Highlands of Brazil was appointed, led by astronomer [[Luiz Cruls]] and composed of doctors, geologists and botanists, who made a study on topography, climate, geology, flora, fauna and other material resources of the region of the Central Highlands The area was known as Quadrilateral Cruls and was presented in 1894 to the Republican Government.

In 1922 a commission of the Federal Government established the location in [[Goiás]], but the project was closed. Only in 1955, during a few elections, the then presidential candidate [[Juscelino Kubitschek]] said he would transfer the capital. Elected president, he established the construction of [[Brasília]] as a meta-synthesis of his ''Plano de Metas''.

In 1956, after being elected to the presidency, JK, on his own initiative, sent a message to Congress proposing the creation of the New Capital Urbanization Company (Novacap). After the congress approved the project, in September of the same year, the president signed the law that created the company.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2009 |title=Distrito Federal: História |encyclopedia=Enciclopédia Barsa Universal |publisher=Barsa Planeta Internacional |location=São Paulo |page=1013}}</ref>

As a result, Novacap, a public company, was given the task of planning and executing the construction of the federal capital in the region delimited by General José Pessoa. After a public competition to select the city's pilot plan, a judging committee chose the urban design by architect Lúcio Costa, which was unanimously approved by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Esboços para a capital desde 1927 |url=https://www.agenciabrasilia.df.gov.br/2019/04/25/147148/agenciabrasilia.df.gov.br |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=www.agenciabrasilia.df.gov.br |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eufrásio*' |first='Jéssica |date=2017-03-16 |title=Vitória do projeto de Lucio Costa para Brasília completa 60 anos |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/cidades/2017/03/16/interna_cidadesdf,581202/vitoria-do-projeto-de-lucio-costa-para-brasilia-completa-60-anos.shtml |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Acervo |language=pt-BR}}</ref> This also made the name Brasília official, as well as the choice of [[Oscar Niemeyer]] as architect and [[Joaquim Cardozo]] as structural engineer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A importância de Oscar Niemeyer para Brasília e 5 pontos para visitar na capital |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/viagemegastronomia/cultura/a-importancia-de-oscar-niemeyer-para-brasilia-e-5-pontos-para-visitar-na-capital/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=CNN Brasil V&G}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Curated |first=Something |date=2021-11-16 |title=Oscar Niemeyer & The Birth Of Brasília |url=https://somethingcurated.com/2021/11/16/oscar-niemeyer-the-birth-of-brasilia/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Something Curated|quote=Along with Costa as planner and Niemeyer as chief architect, Joaquim Cardozo was brought in as the structural engineer, and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer.}}</ref>

Construction began that same year, under the supervision of Oscar Niemeyer and Israel Pinheiro. The Bandeirante Nucleus was then formed, with candangos (workers who worked on the construction of Brasília, initially from Goiás, Minas Gerais and mainly the Northeast). [[Earthworks (engineering)|Earthworks]] began in November 1956. Thirty thousand workers built Brasília in 41 months. Israel Pinheiro was appointed the first mayor of the Federal District on April 17, 1960, shortly before its inauguration on April 21, 1960, the date chosen by Juscelino Kubitschek in honor of Tiradentes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasce Brasília. Sessenta anos de uma ideia feliz |url=https://www.agenciabrasilia.df.gov.br/2020/04/21/nasce-brasilia-sessenta-anos-de-uma-ideia-feliz/agenciabrasilia.df.gov.br |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=www.agenciabrasilia.df.gov.br |language=pt-br}}</ref>

The capital of Brazil was transferred from [[Rio de Janeiro]] to [[Brasília]] on 21 April 1960 and its new territory, split off from Goiás state on the border with the Minas Gerais state, became the current Federal District. After the transfer the old Federal District, containing the city of Rio de Janeiro, became the state of [[Guanabara (state)|Guanabara]]. This state existed from 1960 until 1975, when it merged with the state of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]. With the merger the capital of Rio de Janeiro state was transferred back from [[Niterói]] to Rio de Janeiro itself (as it had been until 1834 when the [[Empire of Brazil|empire]] created the [[Neutral municipality|Neutral Municipality]]).