Editing February 13 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[962]] &ndash; Emperor [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] and Pope [[Pope John XII|John XII]] co-sign the ''[[Diploma Ottonianum]]'', recognizing John as ruler of [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kirsch|first=Johann Peter|chapter=John XIII|title=The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8|editor-last1=Herbermann|editor-first1=Charles G.|editor-last2=Pace|editor-first2=Edward A|editor-last3=Pallen|editor-first3=Condé B.|editor-last4=Shahan|editor-first4=Thomas J.|editor-last5=Wynne|editor-first5=John J.|location=New York|publisher=Encyclopedia Press|date=1910|oclc=13551132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HkqAAAAMAAJ|page=427}}</ref>
*[[1258]] &ndash; [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Siege of Baghdad]]: [[Hulegu Khan]], a prince of the [[Mongol Empire]], orders his army to sack and plunder the city of [[Baghdad]], which they had just captured.<ref>{{cite book |last=Atwood |first=Christopher P. |date=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8160-4671-3 |url=https://www.academia.edu/8855875 |access-date=2 March 2022 |page=2}}</ref>
*[[1322]] &ndash; The central tower of [[Ely Cathedral]] falls on the night of 12th&ndash;13th.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lindley|first=Phillip|title=Octagon at Ely|journal=Journal of the British Archaeological Association|date=1986|volume=139|issue=1|page=75|doi=10.1179/jba.1986.139.1.75}}</ref>
*[[1352]] &ndash; [[War of the Straits]]: The [[Battle of the Bosporus]] is fought in a stormy sea into the night between the Genoese, Venetian, Aragonese, and Byzantine fleets.<ref>{{cite book | last = Musarra | first = Antonio | title = Il Grifo e il Leone: Genova e Venezia in lotta per il Mediterraneo | year = 2020 | publisher = Editori Laterza | location = Bari and Rome | isbn = 978-88-581-4072-7 | language = Italian | pages=235–236 }}</ref>
*[[1462]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Westminster (1462)|Treaty of Westminster]] is finalised between [[Edward IV of England]] and the Scottish [[Lord of the Isles]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Macdougall|first=Norman|title=James III: A Political Study|location=Edinburgh|publisher=J. Donald Publishers|date=1982|isbn=9780859760782|page=68, fn. 30}}</ref>
*[[1503]] &ndash; [[Challenge of Barletta]]: Tournament between 13 Italian and 13 French knights near [[Barletta]].<ref>{{cite book|last=d'Azeglio|first=Massimo|translator-last=Pansini|translator-first=Anthony J.|title=The Challenge of Barletta: Ettore Fieramosca, or, La Disfida di Barletta|location=Waco, Tex.|publisher=Greenvale Press|date=1996|oclc=43076306|page=xi|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Alexander|first=Alfred|title=Giovanni Verga: A Great Writer and His World|location=London|publisher=Grant and Cutler|date=1972|isbn=9780900411359|page=99}}</ref>
*[[1542]] &ndash; [[Catherine Howard]], the fifth wife of [[Henry VIII of England]], is executed for [[adultery]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Russell|first=Gareth|title=Young and Damned and Fair: The Life of Catherine Howard, Fifth Wife of King Henry VIII|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|date=2017|isbn=9781501108631|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCKLDgAAQBAJ|page=24}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1633]] &ndash; [[Galileo Galilei]] arrives in [[Rome]] for his trial before the [[Inquisition]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Carus|first=Paul|title=Galileo Galilei|work=The Open Court|date=January 1908|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MrkNAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=February 13, 2021}}</ref>
*[[1642]] &ndash; The [[Clergy Act 1640|Clergy Act]] becomes law, excluding [[bishop]]s of the [[Church of England]] from serving in the [[House of Lords]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Manganiello |first1=Stephen |title=The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660 |date=2004 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0810851009 |page=60}}</ref>
*[[1660]] &ndash; With the accession of young [[Charles XI of Sweden]], his [[Regency|regents]] begin negotiations to end the [[Second Northern War]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bain|first=Robert Nisbet|title=Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden From 1513 to 1900|location=Cambridge, U.K.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1905|oclc=896673892|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=magCAAAAYAAJ|pages=254–255}}</ref>
*[[1689]] &ndash; [[William III of England|William]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary]] are proclaimed co-rulers of [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Cross|first=Arthur Lynn|title=A History of England and Greater Britain|location=New York|publisher=Macmillan Co.|year=1914|oclc=53232555|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQwyAQAAIAAJ|page=586}}</ref>
*[[1692]] &ndash; [[Massacre of Glencoe]]: Almost 80 [[Clan Donald|Macdonalds]] at [[Glen Coe]], Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, [[William III of England|William of Orange]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Edmund Goldsmid|title=The Massacre of Glencoe: 13th of February 1692. Being a Reprint of a Contemporary Account of that Ruthless Butchery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8UxAQAAMAAJ|year=1885|publisher=E & G. Goldsmid}}</ref>
*[[1726]] &ndash; [[Parliament of Negrete (1726)|Parliament of Negrete]] between [[Mapuche]] and Spanish authorities in Chile bring an end to the [[Mapuche uprising of 1723|Mapuche uprising of 1723–26]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Historia militar de Chile |last1=Pinochet Ugarte |first1=Augusto |author-link1=Augusto Pinochet |publisher=Biblioteca Militar |year=1997 |last2=Villaroel Carmona |first2=Rafael |last3=Lepe Orellana |first3=Jaime |last4=Fuente-Alba Poblete |first4=J. Miguel |author-link4=Juan Miguel Fuente-Alba |last5=Fuenzalida Helms |first5=Eduardo |edition=3rd |language=es |page=88}}</ref> 
*[[1755]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Giyanti]] signed by [[Dutch East Indies Company|VOC]], [[Pakubuwono III]] and [[Prince Mangkubumi]]. The treaty divides the Javanese kingdom of [[Mataram Sultanate|Mataram]] into two: [[Sunanate of Surakarta]] and [[Sultanate of Yogyakarta]].
*[[1849]] &ndash; The delegation headed by Metropolitan bishop [[Andrei Șaguna]] hands out to the Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] the ''General Petition of Romanian leaders in [[Transylvania]], [[Banat]] and [[Bukovina]]'', which demands that the [[Romanians|Romanian nation]] be recognized.
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[Italian unification]]: The [[Siege of Gaeta (1860)|Siege of Gaeta]] ends with the capitulation of the defending fortress, effectively bringing an end of the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]].
*[[1867]] &ndash; Work begins on the [[covering of the Senne]], burying [[Brussels]]'s primary river and creating the modern central boulevards.
*[[1880]] &ndash; [[Thomas Edison]] observes [[Thermionic emission]].

===1901–present===
*[[1913]] &ndash; The [[13th Dalai Lama]] proclaims [[Tibet]]an independence following a period of domination by Manchu [[Qing dynasty]] and initiated a period of almost [[Tibet (1912–51)|four decades of independence]].
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[Copyright]]: In New York City the [[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers]] is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
*[[1920]] &ndash; The [[Negro National League (1920&ndash;31)|Negro National League]] is formed.
*[[1931]] &ndash; The [[British Raj]] completes its transfer from [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] to [[New Delhi]].
*[[1935]] &ndash; A jury in [[Flemington, New Jersey]] finds [[Bruno Hauptmann]] guilty of the [[1932]] [[Lindbergh kidnapping|kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby]], the son of [[Charles Lindbergh]].
*[[1945]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[siege of Budapest]] concludes with the unconditional surrender of [[Nazi Germany|German]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920&ndash;46)|Hungarian]] forces to the [[Red Army]].
*  1945 &ndash; World War II: [[Royal Air Force]] bombers are dispatched to [[Dresden]], Germany to attack the city with a [[Bombing of Dresden in World War II|massive aerial bombardment]].
*[[1951]] &ndash; [[Korean War]]: [[Battle of Chipyong-ni]], which represented the "high-water mark" of the Chinese incursion into South Korea, commences.
*[[1954]] &ndash; [[Frank Selvy]] becomes the only [[NCAA Division I]] basketball player ever to score 100 points in a single game.
*[[1955]] &ndash; [[Israel]] obtains four of the seven [[Dead Sea Scrolls]].
*  1955 &ndash; Twenty-nine people are killed when [[Sabena Flight 503]] crashes into [[Monte Terminillo]] near [[Rieti]], Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-6 OO-SDB Monte Terminillo|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19550213-0|access-date=2022-02-12 |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1960]] &ndash; With the success of a [[nuclear test]] codenamed "[[Gerboise Bleue]]", France becomes the fourth country to possess nuclear weapons.
*  1960 &ndash; Black college students stage the first of the [[Nashville sit-ins]] at three [[lunch counter]]s in [[Nashville, Tennessee]].
*[[1961]] &ndash; An allegedly [[Coso artifact|500,000-year-old rock]] is discovered near [[Olancha, California]], US, that appears to anachronistically encase a [[spark plug]].
*[[1967]] &ndash; American researchers discover the [[Codex Madrid (Leonardo)|Madrid Codices]] by [[Leonardo da Vinci]] in the [[Biblioteca Nacional de España|National Library of Spain]].
*[[1975]] &ndash; Fire at One World Trade Center (North Tower) of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[New York City|New York]].
*[[1978]] &ndash; [[Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing|Hilton bombing]]: A bomb explodes in a refuse truck outside the [[Hilton Hotel]] in Sydney, Australia, killing two refuse collectors and a policeman.
*[[1979]] &ndash; An [[February 13, 1979 windstorm|intense windstorm]] strikes western Washington and sinks a {{convert|0.5|mi|km|adj=on}} long section of the [[Hood Canal Bridge]].
*[[1981]] &ndash; A series of [[Louisville sewer explosions|sewer explosions]] destroys more than two miles of streets in [[Louisville, Kentucky]].
*[[1983]] &ndash; A [[Cinema Statuto fire|cinema fire]] in [[Turin]], Italy, kills 64 people.
*[[1984]] &ndash; [[Konstantin Chernenko]] succeeds the late [[Yuri Andropov]] as general secretary of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]].
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Gulf War]]: Two laser-guided "[[smart bomb]]s" destroy the [[Amiriyah shelter bombing|Amiriyah shelter]] in [[Baghdad]]. Allied forces said the bunker was being used as a military communications outpost, but over 400 Iraqi civilians inside were killed.
*[[1996]] &ndash; The [[Nepalese Civil War]] is initiated in the [[Kingdom of Nepal]] by the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Centre)]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[February 2001 El Salvador earthquake|An earthquake]] measuring 6.6 on the [[Richter magnitude scale]] hits [[El Salvador]], killing at least 315.
*[[2004]] &ndash; The [[Harvard&ndash;Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics]] announces the discovery of the universe's largest known [[diamond]], [[white dwarf]] [[star]] ''[[BPM 37093]]''. Astronomers named this star "Lucy" after [[The Beatles]]' song "[[Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds]]".
*[[2007]] &ndash; [[Taiwan]] opposition leader [[Ma Ying-jeou]] resigns as the chairman of the [[Kuomintang]] party after being indicted on charges of embezzlement during his tenure as the mayor of [[Taipei]]; Ma also announces his candidacy for the [[2008 Republic of China presidential election|2008 presidential election]].
*[[2008]] &ndash; Australian Prime Minister [[Kevin Rudd]] makes a [[Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples|historic apology]] to the [[Indigenous Australians]] and the [[Stolen Generations]].
*[[2010]] &ndash; [[2010 Pune bombing|A bomb explodes]] in the city of [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India, killing 17 and injuring 60 more.
*[[2011]] &ndash; For the first time in more than 100 years the [[Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation|Umatilla]], an [[American Indian tribe]], are able to hunt and harvest a [[bison]] just outside [[Yellowstone National Park]], restoring a centuries-old tradition guaranteed by a treaty signed in 1855.
*[[2012]] &ndash; The [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) conducted the first launch of the European ''[[Vega (rocket)|Vega]]'' rocket from Europe's spaceport in [[Kourou, French Guiana]].
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Kim Jong-nam]], brother of North Korean dictator [[Kim Jong-un]], is assassinated at [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]].
*[[2021]] &ndash; Former U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] is acquitted in his [[Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump|second impeachment trial]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregorian |first1=Dareh |title=Trump acquitted in impeachment trial; 7 GOP Senators vote with Democrats to convict |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-acquitted-impeachment-trial-7-gop-senators-vote-democrats-convict-n1257876 |access-date=February 13, 2021 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=February 13, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
*  2021 &ndash; A [[February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm|major winter storm]] causes blackouts and kills at least 82 people in [[Texas]] and northern [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Estrada |first1=Jesús |title=Tormenta invernal deja 12 muertos en estados del norte |url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/02/16/estados/tormenta-invernal-deja-12-muertos-en-estados-del-norte/ |access-date=March 11, 2021 |work=jornada.com.mx |publisher=La Jornada |date=February 16, 2021 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Castronuovo |first1=Celine |title=Close to 70 dead in states with severe winter weather: report |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/539751-as-temperatures-expected-to-warm-approximately-70-dead-from-severe |access-date=March 11, 2021 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=20 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>