Editing Fandom (section)

==Origins of fandom==
Feminist scholar [[Adrianne Wadewitz]] cited [[Janeite]]s, the devotees of 19th century author [[Jane Austen]], as the earliest example of fandom subculture, beginning around 1870.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Hefferman |first1=Virginia |title=The Pride and Prejudice of Online Fan Culture |url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-pride-and-prejudice-of-online-fan-culture/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wire]] |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> Another early example was fans of the literary detective [[Sherlock Holmes]],<ref name="wrd-2009-04">{{Cite magazine
| url        = https://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/17-05/pl_brown
| title      = Scott Brown on Sherlock Holmes, Obsessed Nerds, and Fan Fiction
| last       = Brown
| first      = Scott
| date       = 2009-04-20
| magazine    = [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
| publisher  = [[Condé Nast]]
| access-date= 2015-03-12
| quote      = Sherlockians called them parodies and pastiches (they still do), and the initial ones appeared within 10 years of the first Holmes 1887 novella, ''[[A Study in Scarlet]]''.
}}</ref> holding public demonstrations of mourning after Holmes was "killed off" in 1893, and creating some of the first [[fan fiction]] as early as about 1897 to 1902.<ref name="wrd-2009-04" /><ref name="fl-sh1">{{Cite web
| url        = http://fanlore.org/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes&oldid=579597
| title      = Sherlock Holmes
| date       = 2015-02-06
| website    = Fanlore wiki
| publisher  = Fanlore
| access-date= 2015-03-12
| quote      = The earliest recorded examples of this fannish activity are from 1902...
}}</ref> Outside the scope of media, [[railway enthusiast]]s are another early fandom with its roots in the late 19th century that began to gain in popularity and increasingly organize in the first decades of the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nrhs.com/about-us/|title=About Us {{!}} National Railway Historical Society|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rlhs.org/General/history.shtml|title=Railway & Locomotive Historical Society, Inc - History|website=www.rlhs.org|access-date=2019-11-10|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127235132/https://www.rlhs.org/General/history.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A wide variety of modern organized [[Western world|Western]] fan [[subculture]]s originated with [[science fiction fandom]], the community of fans of the [[science fiction]] and [[fantasy]] [[genre]]s. Science fiction fandom dates back to the 1930s and maintains organized clubs and associations in many cities around the world. Fans have held the annual [[World Science Fiction Convention]] since 1939, along with many other events each year, and has created its own [[jargon]], sometimes called "[[fanspeak]]".<ref name="fanac-1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fanac.org/Fannish_Reference_Works/Fan_terms/|title=Dr. Gafia's Fan Terms|work=fanac.org}}</ref> In addition, the [[Society for Creative Anachronism]], a medievalist re-creation group, has its roots in science fiction fandom and was founded by members thereof.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://history.westkingdom.org/Year0/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609012447/http://history.westkingdom.org/Year0/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-06-09|title=The History of the Kingdom of The West: Pre-History|date=2007-06-09|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref> Many science fiction and fantasy authors such as [[Marion Zimmer Bradley]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avalonbooks.net/about-authors/the-priestess-of-avalon/|title=The Priestess of Avalon – Welcome to Avalon!|website=avalonbooks.net|access-date=2019-11-10|archive-date=2020-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208140400/https://avalonbooks.net/about-authors/the-priestess-of-avalon/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> [[Poul Anderson]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://sf-encyclopedia.uk/|title=Encyclopedia of Fantasy (1997) Society for Creative Anachronism|last=Clute|first=John|date=1997|website=sf-encyclopedia.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref> [[Randall Garrett]],<ref name=":0" /> [[David D. Friedman]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Restructuring.html|title=On Restructuring the SCA|last=Friedman|first=David|website=www.daviddfriedman.com|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref> and [[Robert Asprin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hordespace.com/|title=Home – Great Dark Horde – Horde Space|website=hordespace.com|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref> have been members of the organization.
[[File:WSFS 001.jpg|thumb|Banquet at the [[14th World Science Fiction Convention]] in [[New York City]] in 1956]]

Media fandom split from science fiction fandom in the early 1970s with a focus on relationships between characters within TV and movie media franchises, such as ''[[Star Trek]]'' and ''[[The Man from U.N.C.L.E.]]''.<ref name = "Coppa in Hellekson and Busse">{{Cite book
| first = Francesca
| last = Coppa
| author-link=Francesca Coppa
| editor-last = Hellekson
| editor-first = Karen
| editor-link1= Karen Hellekson
| editor2-last = Busse
| editor2-first = Kristina
| editor-link2 = Kristina Busse
| contribution = A Brief History of Media Fandom
| title = Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet
| year = 2006
| pages = 41–59
| place = Jefferson, North Carolina
| publisher = [[McFarland & Company]]
| isbn = 978-0-7864-2640-9
}}</ref> Fans of these franchises generated creative products like [[fan art]] and [[fan fiction]] at a time when typical science fiction fandom was focused on critical discussions. The [[MediaWest]] [[Convention (meeting)|convention]] provided a video room and was instrumental in the emergence of [[fan vids]], or analytic music videos based on a source, in the late 1970s.<ref name="reasononline-2008">{{Cite web
 |first        = Jesse
 |last         = Walker
 |title        = Remixing Television: Francesca Coppa on the vidding underground
 |url          = http://www.reason.com/news/show/127432.html
 |publisher    = Reason Online
 |date         = August–September 2008
 |access-date   = 15 August 2009
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090902085622/http://www.reason.com/news/show/127432.html
 |archive-date = 2 September 2009
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref> By the mid-1970s, it was possible to meet fans at science fiction conventions who did not read science fiction, but only viewed it on film or TV.

[[Anime and manga fandom]] began in the 1970s in Japan. In America, the fandom also began as an offshoot of science fiction fandom, with fans bringing imported copies of Japanese [[manga]] to [[science fiction conventions|conventions]].<ref>{{Cite web
 |first=Jason H. 
 |last=Bennett 
 |title=A Preliminary History of American Anime Fandom 
 |url=http://a-kon.com/bm/bm~doc/prelim_history.pdf 
 |publisher=University of Texas at Arlington 
 |access-date=May 10, 2009 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725022644/http://a-kon.com/bm/bm~doc/prelim_history.pdf 
 |archive-date=July 25, 2011 
}}
</ref> Before anime began to be licensed in the U.S., fans who wanted to get a hold of anime would leak copies of anime movies and [[subtitle]] them to exchange with friends in the community, thus marking the start of [[fansub]]s.
While the science fiction and anime fandoms grew in media, the [[Grateful Dead]] [[subculture]] that emerged in the late 1960s to the early 1970s created a global fandom around [[hippie culture]] that would have lasting impacts on society and technology.<ref>{{Cite news
|author=Ben Grubb
|url=https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/subcultures-and-scenes/the-deadhead-subculture/
|title=The Deadhead Subculture
|publisher=[[Grinell College]]
|date=2016-02-14
|access-date=2020-03-05
|archive-date=2020-12-08
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208140511/https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/subcultures-and-scenes/the-deadhead-subculture/
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

[[Music fandom]] in the 20th century coincided with the rise of popular music culture, and revolves around the collective enthusiasm and dedication of fans towards specific musical artists, bands, or genres. Common forms of engagement for music fandoms include attending concerts, creating [[fan art]], participating in online communities, and consuming media related to their preferred artist.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=P. David |title=New media cultures |date=2004 |publisher=Arnold |isbn=978-0-340-80699-9 |series=Cultural studies in practice |location=London}}</ref> These communities play an important role in promoting and supporting the careers of artists, as well as shaping cultural trends within the music industry. Some popular examples of music fandom include [[Beatlemania]], [[Swifties]], [[Deadhead]]s and The [[List of fandom names|Barbz]].

The [[furry fandom]] refers to the fandom for fictional [[anthropomorphic]] animal characters with human personalities and characteristics. The concept of the ''furry'' originated at a [[science fiction convention]] in 1980,<ref>{{Cite news
|author=Patten, Fred
|author-link=Fred Patten
|url=http://www.flayrah.com/4117/retrospective-illustrated-chronology-furry-fandom-1966-1996
|title=Retrospective: An Illustrated Chronology of Furry Fandom, 1966–1996
|publisher=[[WikiFur:Flayrah|Flayrah]]
|date=2012-07-15
|access-date=2012-07-15
}}</ref> when a drawing of a character from [[Steve Gallacci]]'s ''[[Albedo Anthropomorphics]]'' initiated a discussion of anthropomorphic characters in science fiction novels, which in turn initiated a discussion group that met at science fiction and [[comics]] conventions.

Additional subjects with significant fandoms include [[comics]], [[animation|animated cartoons]], [[video games]], [[sports]], music, films, television shows, [[pulp magazine]]s,<ref name=cook-1983>{{Cite book |last=Cook |first=Michael L. |year=1983 |title=Mystery fanfare: a composite annotated index to mystery and related fanzines 1963–1981 |publisher=Popular Press |pages=24–5 |isbn=0-87972-230-4}}</ref> [[soap operas]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/kristian-alfonso-alison-sweeney-and-more-shocking-soap-opera-exits/ss-BB181FcD?parent-title=mary-louise-parker-reflects-on-amy-gardners-complicated-legacy-on-the-west-wing&parent-ns=ar&parent-content-id=BB18thqe&fullscreen=true|title=Kristian Alfonso, Alison Sweeney and More Shocking Soap Opera Exits&#124;msn.com|website=[[MSN]] }}</ref> celebrities, and [[game shows]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_102/565-Gamings-Fringe-Cults |title="Gaming's Fringe Cults"{{!}}The Escapist |access-date=2007-12-04 |archive-date=2014-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202102645/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_102/565-Gamings-Fringe-Cults |url-status=dead }}</ref>