Editing Fairview, Utah (section)

==History==
{{unref section|date=November 2020}}
Located at the confluence of the [[San Pitch River]] and [[Cottonwood Creek (Sanpete County, Utah)|Cottonwood Creek]], Fairview is the largest city in the northeast end of the [[Sanpete Valley]]. Founded in 1859, soon after the resettlement of nearby [[Mount Pleasant, Utah|Mount Pleasant]], Fairview was one of the first new towns established during the second wave of Mormon settlement in Sanpete County.

[[File:DSCF3928.jpg|thumb|left|Pioneer-era house in Fairview, December 2004]]
Impressed with the area's possibilities while gathering wild hay in early 1859, James Naylor Jones, Isaac Young Vance, Warren P. Brady, and Jehu Cox wrote to [[Brigham Young]] asking for permission to create a settlement. The church president responded pragmatically, "If there is water for thirty families, you have my permission." At an organizing meeting held on 1 October 1859 in Mt. Pleasant, James N. Jones was chosen to lead a band of about twenty families interested in the new [[colonizing]] opportunity. The town site was surveyed, and by the end of 1860, a large log meeting house had been completed to house church, school, and social functions. Rows of poplars were planted, streets were graded, and fences were constructed as Fairview took on the appearance of the ubiquitous Mormon village. In 1864 the town obtained a post office and forsook its original name of North Bend in favor of the more descriptive name Fairview because it "commands an excellent view of the great granary extending south even beyond [[Manti, Utah|Manti]], thirty miles distant."

During the [[Black Hawk War (Utah)|Black Hawk War]] of the mid-1860s, some Fairview residents moved to Mt. Pleasant for protection after a few men were killed in deadly skirmishes. Those who remained complied with Brigham Young's instructions to build a fort. By the end of 1866, a thick rock wall ten feet high enclosed the center of town. Within a few years, the conflict diminished enough that aggressive settlement and community development commenced. In the ensuing decade, Fairview's population burgeoned to more than 1,000, making it the fourth largest in Sanpete by 1880. In 1900 and again in 1940, the town exceeded 1,700 people; however, in 1980, the population was just 900, ranking Fairview sixth in size among the county's nineteen communities.

Fairview shared its [[Mormon]] origin, governance and its overwhelming cultural and religious makeup with its neighboring villages. By 1880, Fairview had the smallest percentage of foreign-born, married adults (50.3 percent) of any of the major towns in a county which averaged 72.2 percent foreign-born. Initially the "child" of larger Mt. Pleasant six miles south, Fairview eventually became its rival, competing vigorously for land, water, timber, grazing rights, and what it considered a fair share of church and government funds. The town's Mormon bishops sometimes found themselves in the center of bitter disputes with leaders of other communities, to the dismay of local apostle and stake president [[Orson Hyde]], who was assigned to arbitrate disputes and settle contentions.

[[File:Fairview Utah Tithing Office.jpeg|thumb|right|Fairview Utah Tithing Office, July 2011]]
The people of Fairview took full part in the cooperative society of their times. In 1874 they enthusiastically followed the church council and established a [[united order]]. Stock certificates (7,500 shares) were sold at $10 a share to fund the venture. But like most of the other united orders in the territory, Fairview's was doomed to rapid failure. Poor crops and undercapitalization nearly forced its demise in 1874 after only a few months of existence. Despite efforts to keep it alive, the order was abandoned in 1876.

From its first inception, Fairview's economic base has depended on agriculture and the livestock industry. Following trapper Barney Ward's lead, irrigation ditches were dug and reservoir sites identified soon after settlement. Food crops, hay, and grains were planted, and in 1870, the town's first flour mill was constructed south of town. Livestock raising, ranging from beef and sheep to chickens and turkeys, has persisted throughout Fairview's history. Because of its proximity to canyon forests, sawmills were established in the early decades to support the lumber industry. By the start of the 20th century, there were half a dozen steam sawmills in the mountains east of town.

Beginning in the late 1860s, Fairview developed a one-street commercial district along the old territorial road running through the middle of town. In 1869 Zion's Cooperative Mercantile Institution was started in Fairview. Other stores and businesses followed so that by 1900 Fairview's downtown could boast of a public library, several general stores, a furniture store, a creamery, a harness shop, a butcher shop, and two hotels. In 1881 a [[Presbyterian]] mission school was funded, with a chapel erected in 1894. A public school system was established in the 1890s; 497 of Fairview's 1,800 population in 1898 were students. Recreational needs were accommodated in a social hall and the Eclipse Pavilion.

As was common across the American West, the arrival of the [[Denver and Rio Grande Railroad|Rio Grande Western Railroad]] in the 1890s bolstered the town's ability to import equipment and export its surplus goods, quickly growing Fairview's economic strength as it did for other cities in Sanpete county. Its fortunes rose and fell with the cycle of the regional economy after the railroad-enhanced boom and its population high-water mark was reached in 1900.
[[File:Fairview, Utah (4).jpg|thumb|left|Looking north along State Street ([[U.S. Route 89 in Utah|US-89]]) in Fairview, September 2010]]

The 20th century brought diverse businesses and industries, including dairies, roller mills, coal mining, and fur ranches. The Fairview State Bank was organized in 1914. In the 21st century, agriculture and livestock raising remain the dominant ways to make a living. While other parts of the county raise cattle or turkeys as the leading cash livestock, sheep ranching continues to outpace all other economies in Fairview, accounting for 46 percent of the farm and ranch operations in northeast Sanpete County.

Fairview's architectural legacy appears in its remaining historic structures; constructed of various materials, in crafts and styles employed by Fairview's forebears. The two 1920s-30s masonry LDS meetinghouses replaced simpler early edifices and reflect a continuing [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] presence. The two-story rock school (now museum) and brick town hall indicate the town's bygone stature. The Fairview Roller Mills is a reminder of the agrarian foundation of Fairview's existence. Business buildings remain clustered along Main Street, while houses and outbuildings dot the blocks to the east and west. Many remnants of the rural landscape remain to identify key elements of Fairview's history and are reflected in its present character.