Editing Exeter College, Oxford (section)

== History ==
[[File:Exeter College from Broad Street 2.jpg|thumb|left|Exeter College's [[Broad Street, Oxford|Broad Street]] frontage]]
Exeter College was founded in 1314 by [[Walter Stapledon]], [[Bishop of Exeter]] and later treasurer to [[Edward II of England|Edward II]], and his brother, Sir [[Richard Stapledon]], judge and politician,<ref name=":3">{{Cite DNB|wstitle= Stapeldon, Walter de |last= Hingeston-Randolph  |first= Francis Charles |author-link= Francis Charles Hingeston-Randolph |volume=54 |pages=92-93 |quote= in 1314, in conjunction with his brother, Sir Richard, he founded Stapeldon Hall in Oxford (now known as Exeter College) |short=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Stapledon, Walter de |volume= 25 |page=784 |quote= Stapledon is famous as the founder of Exeter College, Oxford, which originated in Stapledon Hall, established in 1314 by the bishop and his elder brother, Sir Richard Stapledon, a judge of the King's Bench.|short=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|page = xvii|url = https://archive.org/details/registerofwalter00exet/page/n24/mode/1up?q=1314|access-date = 14 October 2023|title = The Register of Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter (A.D. 1307-1326)|editor = Rev. [[Francis Charles Hingeston-Randolph]]|year = 1892|location = London and Exeter}} “Meanwhile, in conjunction with his brother. Sir Richard, our Bishop was engaged on another undertaking of the first importance, for which he will be had in everlasting remembrance — the foundation, in the University of Oxford, of the Hall which for a while bore his own name, and subsequentlv that of his Diocese — Exeter College.”</ref> as a school to educate clergy.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Exeter College {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp107-118 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref> The college initially used [[Hart Hall]], now Hertford College, and moved to Turl Street in 1315.<ref name=":2" /> During its first century, it was known as ''Stapledon Hall'' and was significantly smaller, with just twelve to fourteen students.<ref name=":2" /> The college grew significantly from the 15th century onward, and began offering rooms to its students. The college motto is "Floreat Exon.", meaning "Let Exeter Flourish".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-02-18 |title=Exeter College |url=https://www.oxfordvisit.com/university-and-colleges/exeter-college/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=OxfordVisit |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the 16th century, donations from Sir [[William Petre]], assumed to be an Exeter graduate, whose daughter [[Dorothy Wadham]] (1534–1618) was a co-founder with her husband [[Nicholas Wadham (1531–1609)|Nicholas Wadham]] (1531–1609) of [[Wadham College, Oxford|Wadham College]], created the eight Petrean Fellowships, and further contributions from his son [[John Petre, 1st Baron Petre]] (1549–1613) helped to expand and transform the college.<ref name=":2" />

[[John Acland (died 1620)|Sir John Acland]] (died 1620), a Devonshire gentleman, donated £800, which largely financed the building of a new dining hall, and also established two scholarships for poor students, the first to be created at the college.<ref name=":4">Acland, Anne. A Devon Family: The Story of the Aclands. London and Chichester: Phillimore, 1981, p.4</ref> In a clever move by the bursar to fill the new buildings as they were completed, a significant number of noble Roman Catholic students were invited to enrol and take classes at the enlarged college; however, they were not allowed to [[Matriculate#United Kingdom|matriculate]]. As a result, over time, Exeter College became one of the leading colleges in the university.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

In the 18th century the college experienced declining popularity, as did all of Oxford's other colleges. University reforms in the 1850s helped to end this period of stagnation.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

=== Women at Exeter ===
For over six centuries after its founding, women were not permitted to study at Exeter, but in 1979 it joined many other men's colleges in admitting its first female students.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Exeter College History |url=https://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/about/history/ |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=Exeter College, Oxford}}</ref> Today it admits men and women in roughly equal numbers.<ref name=":0" /> In 1993, Exeter College became the first of the formerly all-male colleges to elect a woman, [[Marilyn Butler]], as its [[Rector (academia)|rector]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-01 |title=Who's Who, Butler, Prof. Marilyn Speers, (Lady Butler) |url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-9677 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Who's Who}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1995-09-15 |title=The sociable revolutionary |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/the-sociable-revolutionary/95301.article |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> When Butler's tenure expired in October 2004, the college elected another woman—[[Frances Cairncross]], former senior editor of ''[[The Economist]]''—as rector.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who's Who, Cairncross, Dame Frances (Anne), (Dame Frances McRae) |url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-9857|access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Who's Who}}</ref>

In 2014, the author [[J. K. Rowling]] was elected an honorary fellow of the college for the "extraordinary contribution she has made to the field of literature, and in particular to children's reading and literacy".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-12 |title=J K Rowling elected to an Honorary Fellowship of Exeter College |url=https://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/j-k-rowling-elected-to-an-honorary-fellowship-of-exeter-college/ |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=Exeter College |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brewster |first=Ellen |date=2014-05-15 |title=Honorary fellowship for J.K. Rowling |url=https://www.cherwell.org/2014/05/15/honorary-fellowship-for-jk-rowling/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Cherwell |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Adelphi Wine Club ===
Formed in the 1850s, the Adelphi Wine Club is reputed to be one of the oldest three wine clubs in Oxford. The club draws its membership from undergraduates studying at Exeter College. It has been forcibly closed down by college authorities several times throughout its tumultuous existence and is currently believed to be dormant. The club was renowned for its extravagant dinners, and for excessive gambling after each meeting. One [[Blackballing|black ball]] was sufficient to exclude an undergraduate from membership. Beginning in 1923, the college forbade any student holding an [[Exhibition (scholarship)|exhibition]] from joining the club.<ref name="Correspondence relating to the Centenary dinner">{{cite web |url=http://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/documents/archives/clubs_societies.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224085434/http://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/documents/archives/clubs_societies.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2012}}</ref>

Notable past members include Sir [[Martin Le Quesne]],<ref name="Exeter College Alumni Publications">{{cite web |url=http://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/documents/alumni/publications/register-04.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123110357/http://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/documents/alumni/publications/register-04.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2012}}</ref> and [[John Percy Vyvian Dacre Balsdon|J.P.V.D. Balsdon]].<ref name="Correspondence relating to the Centenary dinner"/>