Editing Eugenics (section)

== Common distinctions ==
[[File:ЛестерФВорд.jpeg|thumb|upright|[[Lester Frank Ward]] wrote the early paper: "Eugenics, Euthenics and Eudemics", making yet further distinctions.<ref>[[Ward, Lester Frank]] (1913). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2763324.pdf Eugenics, Euthenics, and Eudemics]" (PDF). ''American Journal of Sociology'', 18(6), 737–754.</ref>]] Eugenic programs included both ''positive'' measures, such as encouraging individuals deemed particularly "fit" to reproduce, and ''negative'' measures, such as marriage prohibitions and [[forced sterilization]] of people deemed unfit for reproduction.<ref name="Spektorowski" /><ref>Wilkinson, Stephen A. (2010). "On the distinction between positive and negative eugenics". In Matti Häyry (ed.), ''Arguments and analysis in bioethics.'' Amsterdam: Rodopi. pp. 115–128. {{doi|10.1163/9789042028036_011}}.</ref>{{r|Buchanan 2000|pages=104-155}}

Positive eugenics is aimed at encouraging reproduction among the genetically advantaged, for example, the intelligent, the healthy, and the successful. Possible approaches include financial and political stimuli, targeted demographic analyses, ''in vitro'' fertilization, egg transplants, and cloning.<ref name="glad2008">{{cite book |last=Glad |first=John |author-link=John Glad |url=https://archive.org/details/futurehumanevolu00glad |title=Future Human Evolution: Eugenics in the Twenty-First Century |date=2008 |publisher=Hermitage Publishers |isbn=9781557791542}}</ref> Negative eugenics aimed to eliminate, through sterilization or segregation, those deemed physically, mentally, or morally undesirable. This includes abortions, sterilization, and other methods of family planning.<ref name="glad2008" /> Both positive and negative eugenics can be coercive; in Nazi Germany, for example, abortion was illegal for women deemed by the state to be superior.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pine |first=Lisa |url=https://archive.org/details/nazifamilypolicy0000pine |title=Nazi Family Policy, 1933–1945 |date=1997 |publisher=Berg |isbn=9781859739075 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nazifamilypolicy0000pine/page/19 19] ff |access-date=11 April 2012 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

===As opposed to "euthenics"===
{{See also|Nature-nurture debate}}<!--Clearly a more recent variant of the same overall debate-->
{{Excerpt|Euthenics|hat=no|files=no}}{{Excerpt|Euthenics#Debate, misconceptions and opposition|hat=no|files=no}}