Editing Ethnomusicology (section)

==Definition==
Ethnomusicology combines perspectives from [[folklore]], [[psychology]], [[cultural anthropology]], [[linguistics]], [[comparative musicology]], [[music theory]], and history.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |editor-last=McCollum |editor-first=Jonathan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=dDGPBAAAQBAJ}} |title=Theory and Method in Historical Ethnomusicology |editor-last2=Hebert |editor-first2=David G. |date=2014-09-11 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-1-4985-0705-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="newgrove.2001">{{cite book |author=Pegg, Carole |title=New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |publisher=Macmillan |year=2001 |editor=Sadie, Stanley |edition=2nd |place=London |pages=8:367–403 |article=Ethnomusicology |display-authors=etal}}</ref> This resulted in various definitions. In 1956, Rhodes called it a theoretical and empirical study amalgamating musicology and anthropology.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rhodes |first1=Willard |date=1956 |title=Towards a Definition of Ethnomusicology |journal=American Anthropologist |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=457–463 |doi=10.1525/aa.1956.58.3.02a00050 |jstor=665277}}</ref> [[Jeff Todd Titon|Titon]] offered ethnomusicology as the study of "people making music".<ref name="titon.1992">{{cite book |author=Titon, Jeff Todd |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=NVZk0AEACAAJ}}|title=Worlds of Music |publisher=Schirmer |year=1992 |edition=2nd |location=New York |page=xxi}}</ref> 

The word is a [[portmanteau]] of 'ethno' (people), and 'musicology' (study of music).  

Typical definitions include elements such as a holistic approach, cultural context,<ref name="hood.1969">See {{cite book |author=Hood, Mantle |title=Harvard Dictionary of Music |url={{google books |plainurl=y|id=TMdf1SioFk4C}}|publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1969 |editor=Willi Apel |edition=2nd |place=Cambridge, Mass. |article=Ethnomusicology}}</ref><ref name=Nettl2005/>{{rp|3-15}}<ref name="Merriam, Alan 1960">{{Cite journal |last=Merriam |first=Alan P. |date=1960 |title=Ethnomusicology Discussion and Definition of the Field |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/924498 |journal=Ethnomusicology |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=107–114 |doi=10.2307/924498 |issn=0014-1836}}</ref><ref name=MerriamAOM>{{Cite book |last=Merriam |first=Alan P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bUAFf8CWosC |title=The Anthropology of Music |last2=Merriam |first2=Valerie |date=1964 |publisher=Northwestern University Press |isbn=((0-8101-0607-8)) |language=en}}</ref> music theory, sonic, and historical perspectives. In other words, ethnomusicology is the study of music as a [[Sociology|social]] and cultural phenomenon. 

The practice of ethnomusicology replies on direct engagement and performance, in addition to academic study.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hood |first=Mantle |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=DuKixgEACAAJ}} |title=The Ethnomusicologist |date=1971 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company |isbn=978-0-07-029725-8 |language=en|pp= 24–49}}</ref> Many ethnomusicological studies incorporate [[ethnography|ethnographic]] [[fieldwork]] among those who make the music, learning local languages and culture as well as the music.  Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform in a different musical tradition, a practice [[Mantle Hood|Hood]] termed "bi-musicality".<ref name="hood.bimusicality" /> Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual information.<ref name=Nettl2005 /> Printed or manuscript sources are not the primary source of epistemic authority. Instead, the focus is on qualitative research.

The term informant is used to identify those whom fieldworkers observe, members of the community under study. Informants may or may not represent an entire musical culture, or the ideal of that culture.

Sakakeeny observed that ethnomusicology since the 1980s has focused increasingly on politics.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Sakakeeny |first=Matt |date=2024 |title="Music, Sound, Politics," |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/docserver/fulltext/anthro/53/1/annurev-anthro-041422-011840.pdf |journal=Annual Review of Anthropology |volume=53 |pages=309–329|doi=10.1146/annurev-anthro-041422-011840 }}</ref>