Editing Ernst Ruska (section)

==Life and career==
Ernst Ruska was born in [[Heidelberg|Heidelberg, Germany]]. He was educated at the [[Technical University of Munich]] from 1925 to 1927 and then entered ''Technische Hochschule Berlin'' (now [[Technische Universität Berlin]]), where he posited that [[microscope]]s using [[electrons]], with wavelengths 1000 times shorter than those of light, could provide a more detailed picture of an object than a microscope utilizing light, in which magnification is limited by the size of the wavelengths. In 1931, he demonstrated that a magnetic coil could act as an [[electron lens]], and used several coils in a series to build the first [[electron microscope]] in 1933.

After completing his PhD in 1933, Ruska continued to work in the field of electron optics, first at [[Fernseh]] AG in [[Berlin-Zehlendorf]], and then from 1937 at [[Siemens|Siemens-Reiniger-Werke AG]]. At Siemens, he was involved in developing the first commercially produced electron microscope in 1939. As well as developing the technology of electron microscopy while at Siemens, Ruska also worked at other scientific institutions, and encouraged Siemens to set up a laboratory for visiting researchers, which was initially headed by Ruska's brother [[Helmut Ruska|Helmut]], a medical doctor who developed the use of the electron microscope for medical and biological applications.

After leaving Siemens in 1955, Ruska served as director of the Institute for Electron Microscopy of the [[Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society|Fritz Haber Institute]] until 1974. Concurrently, he served at the institute and as professor at [[Technische Universität Berlin]] from 1957 until his retirement in 1974.

In 1960 he won the [[Lasker Award]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Browne, Malcolm W.|author-link=Malcolm Browne|date=31 May 1988|title=Ernst Ruska, a German Nobel Prize Winner, Dies at 81|newspaper=NY Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/31/obituaries/ernst-ruska-a-german-nobel-winner-dies-at-81.html}}</ref> In 1986, he was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his many achievements in electron optics; [[Gerd Binnig]] and [[Heinrich Rohrer]] won a quarter each for their design of the [[scanning tunneling microscope]]. He died in [[West Berlin]] in 1988.

Asteroid [[1178 Irmela]], discovered by [[Max Wolf]], is named after Ruska's wife Irmela,<ref>{{cite book  |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1178) Irmela   |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg  |page = 99   |date = 2007   |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3  |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1179 |chapter = (1178) Irmela }}</ref> who was Wolf's niece.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}