Editing English Revolution (section)

== Whig theory ==
Tensions regarding the English monarchy began well before the [[Glorious Revolution|Revolution of 1688]]. When [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] was executed in 1649 by the English Parliament, England entered into a republic, or [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth]], that lasted until [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] was reestablished as king of England in 1660. The intermittent civil wars that lasted between 1649 and 1688 were a "constitutional struggle originating from the unresolved contradictions fostered by the Reformation".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Neufeld |first=Matthew |date=2015 |title=From Peacemaking to Peacebuilding: The Multiple Endings of England's Long Civil Wars |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43697072 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1709–1723 |doi=10.1093/ahr/120.5.1709 |jstor=43697072 }}</ref> Debates amongst England's post-Reformation state and the constitutional basis for civil involvement in ecclesiastical and governmental issues continually converged together.<ref name=":0" /> During the [[Glorious Revolution|Revolution of 1688]], King [[James II of England|James II]] was replaced by the monarchs [[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]], and a [[constitutional monarchy]] was established that was described by [[Whig historians]] as the "English Revolution".{{sfn|Trevelyan|1938|p=?}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Economic Causes of the English Civil War: Freedom of Trade and the English Revolution |first=George |last=Yerby |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=2020 |chapter=Introduction: Recovering the Economic Context of History |pages=2–3 |isbn=978-0-429-32555-7}}</ref> That interpretation suggests that the "English Revolution" was the final act in the long process of reform and consolidation by Parliament to achieve a balanced constitutional monarchy in Britain, with laws made that pointed towards freedom.<ref>{{cite book |first=R. C. |last=Richardson |title=The Debate on the English Revolution |series=Issues in Historiography |chapter=3. The Eighteenth Century: The Political Uses of History |pages=36–55 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=1988 |orig-date=1977 |edition=2nd |isbn=0-415-01167-1}}</ref>