Editing Englewood, New Jersey (section)

==History==

===Etymology===
Englewood Township, the city's predecessor, is believed to have been named in 1859 for the Engle family. The community had been called the "[[English Neighborhood]]", as the first primarily [[English language|English]]-speaking settlement on the [[New Jersey]] side of the [[Hudson River]] after [[New Netherland]] was annexed by England in 1664, though other sources mention the Engle family and the heavily forested areas of the community as the derivation of the name.<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1930/01/02/archives/morrow-reception-attended-by-5000-new-jersey-republican-leaders.html "Morrow Reception Attended By 5,000; New Jersey Republican Leaders Flock to Englewood for New Year's Greeting. HIS TALK IS BROADCAST Well Wishers File Past Envoy for Three Hours in His Debut in Senatorial Race. Prominent Politicians Attend. Morrow's Speech Brief."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212851/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/01/02/archives/morrow-reception-attended-by-5000-new-jersey-republican-leaders.html |date=September 29, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 2, 1930. Accessed September 29, 2019. "In this little town of ours we are proud to call ourselves a neighborhood. The oldest maps show it as 'English neighborhood,' but this was later changed to Englewood."</ref><ref name=History/> Other sources indicate that the name is derived from "wood ingle", meaning "woody nook",<ref>[[Henry Gannett|Gannett, Henry]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA119 ''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States''], p. 119. [[United States Government Printing Office]], 1905. Accessed August 30, 2015.</ref> or that the name was coined anew.<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=12 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115082401/http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=12 |date=November 15, 2015 }}, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 30, 2015.</ref>

Numerous [[Englewood (disambiguation)|other settlements]] in the United States were named for Englewood as settlement in North America expanded westward. J. Wyman Jones is credited with convincing residents to choose Englewood for the city's name when it was incorporated over such alternatives as "Brayton" and "Paliscena".<ref name=History/><ref>Clayton, W. Woodford; and Nelson, William. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zDEUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA260 ''History of Bergen and Passaic counties, New Jersey: with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men''], p. 260. Everts & Peck, 1882. Accessed August 25, 2011.</ref><ref>Horner, Shirley. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/26/nyregion/about-books.html "About Books"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920100108/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/26/nyregion/about-books.html |date=September 20, 2017 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 26, 1991. Accessed August 25, 2011. "One landowner, J. Wyman Jones, known as the "father" of Englewood because he swung the vote to the name Englewood (presumably from "English neighborhood") over such names as Liberty Pole or Palisades, built a stone Victorian mansion on his 20-acre estate."</ref>

===Pre-Colonial and Colonial eras===
Englewood, like the rest of New Jersey, was populated by [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] prior to European colonization. The Lenape who lived in the Englewood region were of the "turtle clan" which used a stylized [[turtle]] as its symbol. 2,000 Lenape originally lived in Englewood, but due to conflicts with the Europeans their population dwindled down to 50 by 1832.<ref name=History>[http://www.cityofenglewood.org/content/9262/11544/default.aspx Historic Englewood] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225145904/http://www.cityofenglewood.org/content/9262/11544/default.aspx |date=December 25, 2016 }}, City of Englewood. Accessed December 24, 2016.</ref>

When [[Henry Hudson]] sailed up what would become known as the [[Hudson River]] in 1607, he claimed the entirety of the [[Drainage basin|watershed]] of the river, including Englewood, for the [[Netherlands]], making the future region of Englewood a part of [[New Netherland]]. However, the region remained largely unsettled under Dutch rule as the Dutch did little to encourage settlement north of modern [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]], as the imposing [[New Jersey Palisades]] blocked expansion on the west bank of the Hudson.<ref name=History/>

[[File:GarretLydeckerHouse.jpg|thumb|The [[Garret Lydecker House]] was built in 1808.]]
In 1664, after the Dutch surrendered all of New Netherland to England, the rate of settlement picked up. The English were generous with land grants, and many families, not only English but also Dutch and [[Huguenot]], settled the area, which during the colonial era was known as the [[English Neighborhood]]. Street names in Englewood still recall the relative diversity of its earliest settlers; Brinckerhoff, Van Brunt, Lydecker, Van Nostrand and Durie (Duryea), all Dutch; Demarest (de Marais), DeMott and Lozier (Le Sueur), [[France|French]] Huguenot; and Moore, Lawrence, Cole and Day, English.

===Historical notes===
From 1906 until March 16, 1907, when it burned down, Englewood was the site of [[Upton Sinclair]]'s socialist-inflected [[intentional community]], the [[Helicon Home Colony]]. Associated with the project were [[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] and [[Sinclair Lewis]].<ref name=Helicon>Brown, Peggy Ann. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161202225502/http://www.peggyannbrown.net/HeliconHomeColony.html "Not Your Usual Boardinghouse Types: Upton Sinclair's Helicon Home Colony, 1906-1907"], Department of American Studies, [[George Washington University]], May 1993, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of December 2, 2016. Accessed September 16, 2017. "For five months more than seventy-five men, women, and children made Helicon their home for varying lengths of time. Their efforts received wide press coverage and attracted the attention of William James and John Dewey in addition to numerous curiosity-seekers. On March 16, 1907 a fire destroyed the main building, and the colony disbanded."</ref>

[[Direct distance dialing]], which allowed callers to reach other users outside their local calling area without operator assistance, was introduced to the public in Englewood. On November 10, 1951, Englewood Mayor [[M. Leslie Denning]] made the first customer-dialed [[long-distance call]], to Mayor [[Frank Osborne (California politician)|Frank Osborne]] of [[Alameda, California]]. As of that date, customers of the Englewood 3, Englewood 4 and [[Teaneck, New Jersey|Teaneck]] 7 exchanges, who could already dial some exchanges in the [[New York City]] area, were able to dial 11 cities across the United States by dialing the three-digit area code preceding the local number.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070107101205/http://www.corp.att.com/attlabs/reputation/timeline/51trans.html 1951: First Direct-Dial Transcontinental Telephone Call], [[AT&T Corporation]], backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of January 7, 2007. Accessed September 16, 2017. "Nov. 10, 1951: Mayor M. Leslie Downing of Englewood, N.J., picked up a telephone and dialed 10 digits. Eighteen seconds later, he reached Mayor Frank Osborne in Alameda, Calif. The mayors made history as they chatted in the first customer-dialed long-distance call, one that introduced area codes."</ref><ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/22/archives/new-jersey-weekly-whos-on-first-why-new-jersey-of-course.html?_r=0 "Who's on First? Why, New Jersey, of Course"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171805/http://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/22/archives/new-jersey-weekly-whos-on-first-why-new-jersey-of-course.html?_r=0 |date=September 17, 2017 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 22, 1979. Accessed May 28, 2017. "More recently, on Nov. 10, 1951, Mayor Leslie Denning of Englewood telephoned Mayor Frank Osborne of Alameda, Calif., without the help of an operator and Englewood became the first city in the nation whose residents had direct‐dial coast‐to‐coast service."</ref>

Two years after his graduation from [[Fordham University]], [[Vince Lombardi]] began his football coaching career at Englewood's [[St. Cecilia High School (New Jersey)|St. Cecilia High School]], which closed in 1986.<ref>Fabiano, Giovanna. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160121030843/http://www.northjersey.com/news/englewood-s-st-cecilia-school-to-close-1.1171068 "Englewood's St. Cecilia school to close"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', March 1, 2011, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of January 21, 2016. Accessed September 10, 2017. "St. Cecilia's students went on to St. Cecilia High School - where legendary Green Bay Packers Coach Vince Lombardi got his coaching start - before it closed its doors in 1986."</ref>

[[The Sugarhill Gang]] recorded "[[Rapper's Delight]]" in 1979, the first [[hip hop music|hip hop]] single to become a [[Top 40]] hit.<ref>Staff. [https://nypost.com/2014/01/26/writing-cred-for-rappers-delight-sparks-grudge/ "Writing cred for 'Rapper's Delight' sparks grudge"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402204244/https://nypost.com/2014/01/26/writing-cred-for-rappers-delight-sparks-grudge/ |date=April 2, 2019 }}, ''[[New York Post]]'', January 26, 2014. Accessed December 9, 2016. "Thirty-five years ago, the Sugar Hill Gang from Englewood, NJ, burst onto the scene with 'Rapper's Delight' and introduced the world to the Bronx-born music known as hip-hop. It was the first of its kind to break the Billboard Top 40 and sold more than 5 million copies."</ref>

===Historic sites===
Sites in the city listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] include:<ref>[http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/Bergen.pdf New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places - Bergen County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516164840/http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/bergen.pdf |date=May 16, 2013 }}, [[New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection]] Historic Preservation Office, last updated November 28, 2016. Accessed December 22, 2016.</ref>
* [[John G. Benson House]] (at 60 Grand Avenue; added January 9, 1983)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/83001465 John G. Benson House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917123615/https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/83001465 |date=September 17, 2017 }}, [[National Park Service]]. Accessed September 16, 2017.</ref>
* [[Thomas Demarest House]] (at 370 Grand Avenue; added January 9, 1983)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/83001498 Thomas Demarest House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124237/https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/83001498 |date=September 17, 2017 }}, [[National Park Service]]. Accessed September 16, 2017.</ref>
* [[Garret Lydecker House]] (at 228 Grand Avenue; added January 9, 1983)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/83001530 Garret Lydecker House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124107/https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/83001530 |date=September 17, 2017 }}, [[National Park Service]]. Accessed September 16, 2017.</ref>
* [[St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Englewood, New Jersey)|St. Paul's Episcopal Church]] (at 113 Engle Street; added May 5, 2014)
* [[Demott–Westervelt House]] (at 285 Grand Avenue; added January 9, 1983)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/83001500 Demott–Westervelt House], [[National Park Service]].</ref>