Editing Empress Kōken (section)

==Traditional narrative==
Empress Kōken's personal name (''[[imina]]'') was {{nihongo|Abe|阿倍}}.<ref>[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 274; Varley p. 149.</ref> Her father was [[Emperor Shōmu]], and her mother was [[Empress Kōmyō]].<ref name="b274">[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 274</ref>

Kōken is traditionally venerated at her tomb; the [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates {{nihongo3|Takano Imperial Mausoleum|高野陵|Takano no Misasagi}}, in [[Nara, Nara]], as the location of Kōken's [[mausoleum]].<ref name="kunaichō" /> The site is publicly accessible.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://narashikanko.jp/english/kan_spot_data/e_si64.html |title=Shōtoku's ''misasagi'' – image |access-date=January 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226045141/http://narashikanko.jp/english/kan_spot_data/e_si64.html |archive-date=December 26, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://narashikanko.jp/english/aria_map/map_pdf/302.pdf Shōtoku's ''misasagi'' – map (top left)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207003146/http://narashikanko.jp/english/aria_map/map_pdf/302.pdf |date=February 7, 2012 }}</ref>

===Events of Kōken's life===
* '''August 19, 749'''<ref>Julian dates derived from [http://web.me.com/meyer.eva/www.yukikurete.de/nengo_calc.htm NengoCalc]</ref> ({{nihongo foot|''[[Tenpyō-kanpō]] 1, 2nd day of the 7th month''|天平感宝一年七月二日}}): In the 25th year of Shōmu''-tennō''{{'}}s reign (聖武天皇二十五年), the emperor renounced his throne and the succession (''senso'') was received by his daughter. Shortly thereafter, Kōken is said to have acceded to the throne.<ref>[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], pp. 274; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>
* '''757''': Conspiracy to overthrow Empress Kōken was not successful.<ref>Bender, Ross. (2009). [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41038700?uid=3739256&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21101187570013 "The Suppression of the Tachibana Naramaro Conspiracy,"] ''Japanese Journal of Religious Studies'' 37/2:223–245; compare [http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/publications/jjrs/pdf/846.pdf  mirrored full-text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212223250/http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/publications/jjrs/pdf/846.pdf |date=February 12, 2012 }}; retrieved 2012-10-23.</ref>
* '''758''': Kōken abdicated in favor of a cousin who would become known as [[Emperor Junnin]] so that she would take care of her sick mother intensively. The Empress had reigned for about ten years.
* '''764''': In the sixth year of Junnin''-tennō''{{'}}s reign, the emperor was deposed by his adoptive mother, and the succession was received by former-Empress Kōken.
* '''January 26, 765''' ({{nihongo foot|''[[Tenpyō-hōji]] 9, 1st day of the 1st month''|天平宝字九年一月一日}}):  Kōken formally reascended the throne (''sokui'') as Empress Shōtoku.<ref>[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], pp. 276; Varley, p. 44, 145.</ref>
* '''August 28, 770''' ({{nihongo foot|''[[Jingo-keiun]] 4, 4th day of the 8th month''<ref>[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 276 has the year as 769, 4th day of the 8th month, instead of 770.  Believe this to be a typo, because Brown-Ishida's own timeline gives 770, and the [[:ja:孝謙天皇|Japanese Wikipedia article on Empress Kōken]] is using the 4th day of the 8th month of 770.</ref>|神護景雲四年八月四日}}: Empress Shōtoku died at age 57,<ref name="b276">[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 276.</ref> leaving the throne vacant.<ref>Bender, Ross. "The Hachiman Cult and the Dōkyō Incident," ''Monumenta Nipponica,'' Vol. 34, No. 2 (1979). pp. 125–153.</ref>  She was succeeded by her first cousin twice removed, [[Emperor Kōnin]].  Empress Shōtoku had reigned for five years.<ref name=b276/>

===Eras of her reigns===
The years of Kōken's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]].<ref name="titsingh73">Titsingh, p. 73.</ref>
* ''[[Tenpyō-kanpō]]''  (749)
* ''[[Tenpyō-shōhō]]'' (749–757)
* ''[[Tenpyō-hōji]]''  (757–765)

The years of Shōtoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]].<ref>Titsingh, p. 78.</ref>
* ''Tenpyō-hōji''  (757–765)
* ''[[Tenpyō-jingo]]'' (765–767)
* ''[[Jingo-keiun]]''  (767–770)