Editing Emperor Ninmyō (section)

==Traditional narrative==
Ninmyō was the second son of [[Emperor Saga]] and the Empress Tachibana no Kachiko.  His personal name (''[[imina]]'') was {{nihongo|Masara|正良}}.<ref>[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 282; Varley, p. 164.</ref>  After his death, he was given the title {{nihongo|Ninmyō|仁明}}.

Ninmyō had nine Empresses, Imperial consorts, and concubines (''kōi''); and the emperor had 24 Imperial sons and daughters.<ref name="b283">[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 283.</ref>

Emperor Ninmyō is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates {{nihongo3|Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum|深草陵|Fukakusa no Misasagi}}, in [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto]], as the location of Ninmyō's [[mausoleum]].<ref name="kunaichō" />

===Events of Ninmyō's life===
[[File:Fujiwara no Junshi-Rijksmuseum RP-P-1991-578.jpeg|thumb|''Fujiwara no Junshi'', print by [[Teisai Hokuba]], 1800 and 1805, ([[Rijksmuseum Amsterdam]])]]

Ninmyō ascended to the throne following the abdication of his uncle, [[Emperor Junna]].

* '''6 January 823'''<ref>Julian dates derived from [http://web.me.com/meyer.eva/www.yukikurete.de/nengo_calc.htm NengoCalc]</ref> ({{nihongo foot|''[[Kōnin]] 10, 4th month, 19th day''|弘仁十四年四月十九日}}): Received the title of Crown Prince at the age of 14.
* '''22 March 833''' ({{nihongo foot|''[[Tenchō]] 10, 28th day of the 2nd month''|天長十年二月二十八日}}): In the 10th year of Emperor Junna's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by his adopted son.  Masara''-shinnō'' was the natural son of Emperor Saga, and therefore would have been Junna's nephew.<ref name="b283"/>  Shortly thereafter, Emperor Ninmyo is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Titsingh, p. 106; [[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], pp. 283; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>

Shortly after Ninmyo was enthroned, he designated an heir.  He named [[Prince Tsunesada]], a son of former Emperor Junna, as the crown prince.<ref name="b284">[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], pp. 284.</ref>

* '''835''' ({{nihongo foot|''[[Jōwa (Heian period)|Jōwa]] 2''|承和二年}}): [[Kūkai]] (known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi) died.  This monk, scholar, poet, and artist had been the founder of the [[Shingon]] or "True Word" school of [[Buddhism]].<ref name="b284"/>
* '''838-839''' (''Jōwa  5-6''): Diplomatic mission to [[Tang dynasty|Tang China]] headed by [[Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu]].<ref>[[George Sansom|Sansom, George Bailey]]. (1958). [https://books.google.com/books?id=t2c4t4yw21gC&pg=PA134 ''A History of Japan to 1334,'' pp. 134-135]; Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA211 "Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 211.</ref>
*'''842''': Following a coup d'état called the [[Jōwa Incident]], Tsunesada the crown prince was replaced with Ninmyō's first son, Prince Michiyasu (later [[Emperor Montoku]]) whose mother was the Empress Fujiwara no Junshi, a daughter of ''[[sadaijin]]'' [[Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu]]. It is supposed that this was the result of political intrigue planned by Ninmyō and [[Fujiwara no Yoshifusa]].<ref name="ReferenceA">[[#Mason-Caiger|Mason and Caiger]], p. 69</ref>  The first of what would become a powerful line of Fujiwara regents,<ref>[[#Mason-Caiger|Mason and Caiger]], p. 71</ref>  Yoshifusa had numerous family ties to the imperial court; he was Ninmyō's brother in law (by virtue of his sister who became Ninmyō's consort), the second son of ''sadaijin'' Fuyutsugu, and uncle to the new crown prince.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

In his lifetime, Ninmyō could not have anticipated that his third son, [[Emperor Koko|Prince Tokiyasu]], would eventually ascend the throne in 884 as [[Emperor Kōkō]].<ref>Titsingh,  p. 124; [[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175.</ref>

* '''6 May 850''' (''{{nihongo foot|[[Kashō]] 3, 21st day of the 3rd month''|嘉祥三年三月二十一日}}): Emperor Ninmyō died at the age of 41.<ref>[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 284</ref><ref>Adolphson, Mikael ''et al.'' (2007). ''Heian Japan, centers and peripheries'', p. 23.</ref>  He was sometimes posthumously referred to as "the Emperor of Fukakusa", because that was the name given to his tomb.<ref>[[#Brown-Ishida|Brown and Ishida]], p. 284; Varley, p. 165.</ref>

===Eras of Ninmyō's reign===
The years of Ninmyō's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] (''nengō'').<ref>Titsingh, p. 106.</ref>
* ''[[Tenchō]]''  (824–834)
* ''[[Jōwa (Heian period)|Jōwa]]''    (834–848)
* ''[[Kashō]]''    (848–851)