Editing Emory University (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Emory University}}

===Nineteenth century===
[[File:Emory Glenn Chapel.jpg|upright|thumb|left|Glenn Memorial United Methodist Church is located on the campus of Emory University]]
Emory College was founded in 1836 in [[Oxford, Georgia]], by the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]].<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://emoryhistory.emory.edu/history/index.html |title=A Brief History |last=Hauk |first=Gary S |publisher=Emory University |access-date=May 27, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030174205/http://emoryhistory.emory.edu/history/index.html |archive-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> The college was named in honor of the departed Methodist bishop [[John Emory]].<ref name="history"/> [[Ignatius Alphonso Few]] was the college's first president. In 1854, the Atlanta Medical College, a forerunner of [[Emory University School of Medicine]], was founded. On April 12, 1861, the [[American Civil War]] began. Emory College was closed in November 1861 and all of its students enlisted on the Confederate side.<ref name="history"/> In late 1863 the war came to Georgia and the college was used as hospital and later a headquarters for the [[Union Army]]. The university produced many officers who served in the war, including General [[George Thomas Anderson]] (1846C) who fought in nearly every major battle in the [[Eastern Theater of the American Civil War|eastern theater]]. Thirty-five Emory students lost their lives and much of the campus was destroyed during the war.<ref name="english">English, Thomas H. ''Emory University 1915–1965: A Semicentennial History'' (Atlanta: Emory University, 1966).</ref>

Emory College, as with the entire [[Southeastern United States]], struggled to overcome financial devastation during the [[Reconstruction Era]]. In 1880, [[Atticus Greene Haygood]], Emory College President, delivered a speech expressing gratitude for the end of [[slavery in the United States]], which captured the attention of George I. Seney, a New York banker. Seney gave Emory College $5,000 to repay its debts, $50,000 for construction, and $75,000 to establish a new endowment. In the 1880s, the technology department was launched by [[Isaac Stiles Hopkins]], a polymath professor at Emory College. Hopkins became the first president of the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] in 1888. Emory University's first international student, [[Yun Chi-ho]], graduated in 1893.<ref name="A Direct Line to Emory's History">{{cite web|url=http://shared.web.emory.edu/emory/news/releases/2010/05/a-direct-line-to-emorys-history.html|title=A Direct Line to Emory's History – Emory University – Atlanta, GA|website=shared.web.emory.edu|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731000209/http://shared.web.emory.edu/emory/news/releases/2010/05/a-direct-line-to-emorys-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yun became an important political activist in [[Korea]] and is the author of "[[Aegukga]]", the national anthem of the [[Republic of Korea]].<ref name="Encykorea Aegukga">{{cite web|url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0035201|title=애국가|publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]]|access-date=October 8, 2013|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124113/http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0035201|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="National Anthem Korea">{{cite web | url=http://nationalanthems.me/south-korea-aegukga/ | title=South Korea – Aegukga | publisher=NationalAnthems.me | access-date=November 17, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424213957/http://www.nationalanthems.me/south-korea-aegukga/ | archive-date=April 24, 2012 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Twentieth century===
[[File:Asa G. C..jpg|thumb|upright|[[Asa Griggs Candler]], founder of [[The Coca-Cola Company]], provided a land grant for Emory College to relocate to [[metropolitan Atlanta]] and be rechartered as Emory University.]]
On August 16, 1906, the Wesley Memorial Hospital and Training School for Nurses, later renamed the [[Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing]], was established. In 1914, the [[Candler School of Theology]] was established. In 1915, Emory College relocated to [[Druid Hills, Georgia|Druid Hills]] and was rechartered as Emory University after accepting a land grant from [[Asa Griggs Candler]], founder of [[The Coca-Cola Company]] and brother of commissioned chair [[Warren Akin Candler]]<ref>{{cite web|title=New Georgia Encyclopedia, Asa Candler (1851–1929)|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/asa-candler-1851-1929|website=Georgiaencyclopedia.org|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=February 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225220824/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/asa-candler-1851-1929|url-status=live}}</ref> Based on large donations from the [[Candler (surname)|Candler]], [[Robert W. Woodruff|Woodruff]], and [[Roberto Goizueta|Goizueta]] families, Emory University is colloquially referred to as "Coca-Cola University".<ref>{{cite web|title=Road Trip: Emory University|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/articles/2010/08/16/road-trip-emory-university|website=Usnews.com|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=October 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020191341/https://www.usnews.com/education/articles/2010/08/16/road-trip-emory-university|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Emory University School of Law]] was established in 1916. From the 1920s through the 1970s, Emory University established its reputation as a regional institution that offered a solid education in medicine, law, theology, business, and the liberal arts.

==== First and Second World Wars ====
In 1917, the United States joined the [[First World War]], and Emory University responded by organizing a medical unit composed of faculty and alumni of the medical school. The unit, which became known as Emory Unit, Base Hospital 43, served in [[Loir-et-Cher]], France, from July 1918 to January 1919. During the [[Second World War]], the Emory Unit was mobilized once again and served in the [[North African campaign]] and Europe. Emory's contributions to the war effort were recognized by christening a ship, M.S. Emory Victory, which served during World War II and the Korean War.{{fact|date=March 2025}}

In the 1940s, Emory University students, alumni, and faculty served in the [[Asia-Pacific War]] and [[European theater of World War II]]. Lieutenant Commander James L. Starnes, a graduate of Emory Law, was the navigator of the battleship {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}} and served as [[officer of the deck]] during the signing of the [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A look inside the WWII surrender ceremony|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-missouri-surrender-20150902-story.html|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=September 2, 2015|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731010459/https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-missouri-surrender-20150902-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bobby Jones (golfer)|Bobby Jones]], the golfer, served during the [[Battle of Normandy]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Mark |last=Frost |author-link=Mark Frost |title=The Grand Slam: Bobby Jones, America, and the Story of Golf |year=2004 |publisher=Hyperion Books |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4013-0751-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/grandslamthe00mark/page/458 458–9] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/grandslamthe00mark/page/458}}</ref> Alfred A. Weinstein, a professor of surgery at [[Emory University School of Medicine]], was a [[prisoner of war]] of the [[Empire of Japan]] between 1942 and 1945. His memoir, ''Barbed Wire Surgeon'', is considered one of the finest accounts concerning [[Japanese war crimes|allied prisoners under Japanese captivity]] and highlights the abuses of the [[war criminal]] [[Mutsuhiro Watanabe]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Alfred A. Weinstein|isbn=978-1937565961|last=Weinstein|first=Alfred|date=December 19, 2013|publisher=Deeds }}</ref> [[Kiyoshi Tanimoto]], who graduated from the [[Candler School of Theology]] in 1940 and is portrayed in John Hersey's ''[[Hiroshima (book)|Hiroshima]]'', was able to organize the [[Hiroshima Maidens]] reconstructive surgery program based on the associations he made while studying in the United States.<ref name="Kiyoshi Tanimoto">{{cite web|title=Kiyoshi Tanimoto|url=http://www.emoryhistory.emory.edu/facts-figures/people/makers-history/profiles/tanimoto.html|website=Emoryhistory.emory.edu|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=January 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109171409/http://www.emoryhistory.emory.edu/facts-figures/people/makers-history/profiles/tanimoto.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tatsumasa Shirakawa, a Japanese student at the [[Candler School of Theology]], was placed under arrest temporarily until Dean Henry Burton Trimble negotiated his release. Emory helped the nation prepare for war by participating in the [[V-12 Navy College Training Program]] and [[Army Specialized Training Program]], programs designed to supplement the force of commissioned officers in the [[United States Navy]] and [[United States Army]]. The [[Candler School of Theology]] trained men for [[military chaplain]]cy. During the war, university enrollment boasted two military students for every one civilian. Emory University alumni would go on to serve in the [[Korean War]], [[Second Indochina War]] (Vietnam War), [[Persian Gulf War]], [[Yugoslav Wars]], and the [[Global War on Terrorism]].{{fact|date=March 2025}}

=== Women's and civil rights movements ===
The [[Second-wave feminism#Education|women's movement]] and [[civil rights movement]] during the 1950s and 1960s in the United States profoundly shaped the future of Emory University. Formerly an all-male school, Emory officially became a coeducational institution in 1953. Although it had previously admitted women under limited circumstances, the university had never before had a policy through which they could enroll in large numbers and as resident students. In 1959, sororities first appeared on campus. In 1962, in the midst of the civil rights movement, Emory embraced the initiative to end racial restrictions when it asked the courts to declare portions of the Georgia statutes unconstitutional. Previously, Georgia law denied tax-exempt status to private universities with racially integrated student bodies. The [[Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)|Supreme Court of Georgia]] ruled in Emory's favor and Emory officially became racially integrated. [[Marvin S. Arrington Sr.]] was Emory University's first, full-time [[African American]] student and graduated from [[Emory University School of Law]] in 1967.<ref name="georgiaencyclopedia.org">{{cite web|title=New Georgia Encyclopedia, Emory University|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/education/emory-university|website=Georgiaencyclopedia.org|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=November 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091141/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/education/emory-university|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:金大中.jpg|upright|thumb|In 1983, [[Kim Dae-jung]], while in [[exile|political exile]], gave a speech on human rights and democracy at Emory. Kim went on to serve as the eighth [[President of South Korea]].<ref name="Kim Dae Jung speech, 1983">{{cite web|title=Kim Dae Jung speech, 1983|url=http://findingaids.library.emory.edu/documents/P-MSS111/|website=Findingaids.library.emory.edu|date=February 25, 2014|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805075529/https://findingaids.library.emory.edu/documents/P-MSS111/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kim Dae Jung Facts|url=http://www.kdjlibrary.org/kdj/engweb/presidentkdj/facts.jsp|website=Kdjlibrary.library.emory.edu|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=March 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025728/http://www.kdjlibrary.org/kdj/engweb/presidentkdj/facts.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

In 1971, Emory established one of the nation's first [[African-American studies]] programs and the first of its kind in the Southeastern United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apply.emory.edu/majors/african-american-studies.html|title=African American Studies &#124; Emory University &#124; Atlanta GA|access-date=October 8, 2020|archive-date=October 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012161108/https://apply.emory.edu/majors/african-american-studies.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Emory's diversity and academic reputation continued to flourish under the leadership of the university's fifth president, [[James T. Laney]]. In addition to leading universities in the Southeastern United States in the promotion of [[racial equality]], Laney and many of the school's faculty and administrators were outspoken advocates of global [[human rights]] and thus were openly opposed to the [[History of South Korea|military dictatorship in South Korea (1961–1987)]]. On March 30, 1983, Laney's friend [[Kim Dae-jung]], while in political exile in the United States, presented a speech on human rights and democracy at Emory University and accepted an honorary Doctor of Laws degree.<ref name="Kim Dae Jung speech, 1983"/> Kim would go on to play a major role in ending [[June Struggle|authoritarianism in South Korea]], served as the eighth [[President of South Korea]] from 1998 to 2003, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for his successful implementation of the [[Sunshine Policy]]. Laney would later serve as [[United States Ambassador to South Korea]] and Emory graduate school, founded in 1919, was named in his honor in 2009.<ref name="georgiaencyclopedia.org"/>

In 2005, the university presented the President Medal, a rare award conferred only on individuals whose impact on the world has enhanced the dominion of peace or has enlarged the range of cultural achievement, to [[Civil Rights Movement]] activist [[Rosa Parks]]. The award is one of the highest honors presented by Emory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://president.emory.edu/meet_president_wagner/presidents_medal.html|title=Emory University President's Medal|website=President.emory.edu|access-date=October 20, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415162003/http://president.emory.edu/meet_president_wagner/presidents_medal.html|archive-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref>

In 2014, at Emory's 169th Commencement, [[John Lewis]], the only living "[[Big Six (activists)|Big Six]]" leader of the civil rights movement, delivered the keynote address and received an honorary doctor of laws degree. In 2015, [[Emory University School of Law]] received a $1.5 million donation to help establish a John Lewis Chair in Civil Rights and Social Justice. The gift, given anonymously, funds a professorship which will enable Emory Law to conduct a national search for a scholar with an established academic profile of distinction and a demonstrated desire to promote the rule of law through the study of civil rights. The law school has committed to raise an additional $500,000 to fund the chair fully.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.emory.edu/stories/2015/04/law_john_lewis_chair/campus.html|title=Emory to establish John Lewis Chair in Civil Rights, Social Justice|website=News.emory.edu|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025173449/http://news.emory.edu/stories/2015/04/law_john_lewis_chair/campus.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Expansion and modernization===
In November 1979, Emory University experienced a historical shift when [[Robert Winship Woodruff]] and [[George Waldo Woodruff]] donated $105 million worth of Coca-Cola stock to the institution. At that time, this was the largest single gift ever made to any institution of higher education in the United States.<ref name="history"/>

===Twenty-first century===
{{see also|Atlanta annexations and wards}}
The latest additions to the Atlanta Campus include buildings for cancer research, biomedical research, scientific computation, mathematics and science, vaccine research, and the performing arts.<ref name="georgiaencyclopedia.org"/>

Prior to 2018, the campus was in an [[unincorporated area]],<ref name=Niessemayexpand>{{cite web|author=Niesse, Mark|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/atlanta-may-expand-cover-emory-university/bV4ykfyUQuFQ6VSMMLoIXP/|title=Atlanta may expand to cover Emory University|work=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]|date=August 23, 2016|access-date=March 10, 2020|quote=Emory University hopes to make official what many outside the metropolitan area already assume to be the case: |archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731005335/https://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/atlanta-may-expand-cover-emory-university/bV4ykfyUQuFQ6VSMMLoIXP/|url-status=live}}</ref> statistically counted in the [[Druid Hills, Georgia|Druid Hills]] [[census-designated place]].<ref name="CDPMap">[http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st13_ga/place/p1324264_druid_hills/DC10BLK_P1324264_001.pdf "2010 Census – Census Block Map: Druid Hills CDP, GA"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312022641/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st13_ga/place/p1324264_druid_hills/DC10BLK_P1324264_001.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811005943/http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st13_ga/place/p1324264_druid_hills/DC10BLK_P1324264_001.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-11 |url-status=live |date=March 12, 2020}} [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on June 1, 2017. Compare this with the address of Emory University ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160705082028/http://www.emory.edu/home/index.html 2016 home page states]: "201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA") and the location of its buildings.</ref> In 2016 the university stated that it intended to petition to be annexed into the City of Atlanta;<ref>{{cite web|author=Chess, Richard|author2=Madison Bober|url=https://emorywheel.com/emory-cdc-to-be-annexed-into-atlanta/|title=Emory, CDC to be Annexed into Atlanta|work=[[Emory Wheel]]|date=December 4, 2017|access-date=March 11, 2020|archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731010611/https://emorywheel.com/emory-cdc-to-be-annexed-into-atlanta/|url-status=live}}</ref> in 2017 the university leadership formally submitted its petition.<ref>{{cite web|author=Stafford, Leon|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/emory-university-formally-files-petition-become-part-atlanta/KkN3nSaOPuSOKPGICIxnwJ/|title=Emory University formally files petition to become part of Atlanta|work=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]|date=June 27, 2017|access-date=March 10, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805075023/https://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/emory-university-formally-files-petition-become-part-atlanta/KkN3nSaOPuSOKPGICIxnwJ/|url-status=live}}</ref> The City of Atlanta annexed Emory's campus effective January 1, 2018, a part of its largest annexation within a period of 65 years; the [[Atlanta City Council]] voted to do so the prior December.<ref name="NiesseEmoryannexed">{{cite news |last=Niesse|first=Mark |title=City of Atlanta's expansion to Emory and CDC approved |work=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] |url=http://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/city-atlanta-expansion-emory-and-cdc-approved/kMYzghHbvzD6THTyWpN1zH/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205011722/http://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/city-atlanta-expansion-emory-and-cdc-approved/kMYzghHbvzD6THTyWpN1zH/ |archive-date=December 5, 2017}}</ref>

[[Gregory L. Fenves]], formerly the president of the [[University of Texas at Austin]], became Emory University's 21st president in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 7, 2020|title=Emory Board of Trustees names Gregory L. Fenves as 21st president|url=https://news.emory.edu/stories/2020/04/upress_nextpresident/index.html|access-date=August 18, 2020|website=news.emory.edu|language=en|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806153239/https://news.emory.edu/stories/2020/04/upress_nextpresident/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Gaza war protests in the United States|Gaza war sparked demonstrations]] around the U.S., including at Emory. On April 25, 2024, during a pro-Palestinian protest, immediately subsequent to each objecting to the police presence, police detained both philosophy chair [[Noëlle McAfee]]<ref>{{cite news|title=‘It just became bedlam’: Emory professor arrested during protest speaks out| url=https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2024/04/26/it-just-became-bedlam-emory-professor-arrested-during-protest-speaks-out/|work=Atlanta News First|access-date=April 27, 2024}}</ref> and arrested economics professor [[Caroline Fohlin]],<ref>{{cite news|title=See police detain members of crowd at Emory University during pro-Palestinian protest|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2024/04/25/emory-university-pro-palestinian-protest-police-digvid.cnn|work=CNN |access-date=April 27, 2024}}</ref> who was later charged with battery, following her battering by police.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cop Slammed Emory Professor’s Head Into Concrete, Then Charged Her With Battery|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/cop-slammed-emory-professor-head-195707606.html |work=Yahoo |access-date=April 27, 2024}}</ref> The College of Arts and Science adopted a motion the following day for a college faculty no-confidence vote for Greg Fenves, president of the university,<ref>{{cite news|title=Emory tenured faculty push for no-confidence vote of university president following violent protests|url=https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/columbia-university-palestine-protests-04-26-24/h_808f0feda1dc51587acb56fee76f3a37|work=CNN |access-date=April 27, 2024}}</ref> with an electronic vote organized for the following week.<ref>{{cite news|title=‘Hands off our students’: Emory professors stage walk-out after arrests during campus protest|url=https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2024/04/29/hands-off-our-students-emory-professors-stage-walk-out-after-arrests-during-campus-protest/|work=Atlanta News First |access-date=April 30, 2024}}</ref>