Editing Emmons County, North Dakota (section)

==History==
The county was created by the [[Dakota Territory]] legislature on February 10, 1879, with territories partitioned from [[Burleigh County, North Dakota|Burleigh]] and [[Campbell County, South Dakota|Campbell]] counties. It was not organized at the time, but it was not attached to another county for administrative and judicial purposes. This continued until November 9, 1883, when the governing structure was organized. The county was named for James A. Emmons (1845–1919), a steamboat operator and early [[Bismarck, North Dakota|Bismarck]] merchant and entrepreneur.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|author=Gannett, Henry|year=1905| page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n118 119]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=County History|url=http://www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=83&id=County%20History|publisher=Official Portal for North Dakota State Government|access-date=May 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202151843/http://www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=83&id=County%20History|archive-date=February 2, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/DAKs_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm|title=Dakota Territory, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Individual County Chronologies|work=Dakota Territory Atlas of Historical County Boundaries|publisher=The [[Newberry Library]]|date=2006|access-date=February 3, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402202102/http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/DAKs_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The first non-Native settlers of Emmons County came from [[Europe]] and the eastern United States. The earliest were mostly soldiers discharged from [[Fort Yates]], but civilians began arriving in the 1880s. Two large ethnic groups soon developed: Germans from both [[Russia]] and [[Germany]] (the latter called Reich Germans) and [[Holland]]ers who had come from the eastern United States. The Hollanders lived only in the southwestern part of the county while the Germans settled throughout the area.

The settlers faced hardships in Emmons County, particularly the adverse climate with its extreme seasonal variations in temperature, wind, rain, and snow. Winter blizzards, summer thunderstorms, and tornadoes were a constant threat. Early settlers built crude dwellings using available materials. The first building in Emmons county was a [[log cabin]] built near present-day Winona (1852). Other dwellings used tar paper or local rocks. Rocks were a common sight on the prairie, but stone houses were a rarity because they took great care to build. The most common type of dwelling was the [[sod house]], which later became synonymous with pioneering life on the prairie. Sod is prairie grass and dirt cut into blocks and stacked to form walls. Sod was an effective solution to the problem of limited lumber availability. These crude dwellings were eventually abandoned in favor of more modern homes as soon as the necessary building materials became available.

Another hardship was transportation. There were no roads and the nearest [[railroad station]] was in [[Eureka, South Dakota]] ({{convert|40|mi|km}} away). A horse and wagon were typically used for transportation. Piles of buffalo bones were used as landmarks to aid navigating the vast prairie. Since no bridges existed, creeks and streams presented a major difficulty. Settlers usually traveled in pairs and used both of their teams of horses to pull each wagon across a creek or stream. The first bridge in Emmons County was built in 1889.

The [[Missouri River]] forms the county's western boundary. Some settlers earned a living by providing cordwood to the river's [[steamboat]]s in the summer (river ice halted the boats in wintertime). [[Ferry|Ferries]] moved people and goods across the river, and [[barge]]s were used to move goods along the river.

The county's first town that still exists was [[Braddock, North Dakota|Braddock]], established in 1898. A railroad line was laid to Braddock in 1898. [[Linton, North Dakota|Linton]] was platted in 1899 near the county center, to create a county seat. Linton had 118 residents by 1901, and 245 by 1903. Tirsbol was established in 1902 {{convert|10|mi|km|spell=in}} south of Linton. It became the center of the German immigrant community and was renamed [[Strasburg, North Dakota|Strasburg]]. Also in 1902, the town of [[Hague, North Dakota|Hague]] was established southeast of Strasburg, and [[Hazelton, North Dakota|Hazelton]] was platted near Williamsport.

[[File:Map of Emmons County, N.D., 1916.jpg|thumb|Outline map of Emmons County, North Dakota, 1916]]

Winona was the first settlement to be created in the county, in 1874, and named 'Devils Colony'. It served soldiers from Fort Yates and the few area settlers. During the 1880s it was the largest town between [[Bismarck, North Dakota]] and [[Pierre, South Dakota]]. The county's first school was built there in 1884 and the county's first newspaper was published there in 1885. By 1894, the population of the town peaked at over 200. However, the creation of Linton drained the lifeblood from Winona, and it was gone by the early 1900s. The town of Williamsport was established in 1883 by a group of people from Ashland, Ohio and was the first county seat of government. The creation of Linton and Hazelton drained the population from Williamsport and it was abandoned in 1903.

Other towns no longer in existence include Emmonsburg which was located west of Linton, in Beaver Bay, on the Missouri River. It was established in 1888 and abandoned in 1912. Glencoe was also established in 1883 in the northwest corner of the county, but it was abandoned in 1930. Winchester was established in 1884 along Beaver Creek (west of Linton), but was completely abandoned by 1909. Westfield was established in 1888 in the center of the Dutch colony. It was named for [[Westfield, Iowa]] but was never incorporated. Godkin was established in 1902, {{convert|6|mi|km|spell=in}} north of Linton. Its name was later changed to Temvik, combining the last names of early settlers - the Tempel brothers and Ed Larvik. By 1925 its population peaked to over 200, but the effects of the 1930s Great Depression and being bypassed by the construction of [[U.S. Highway 83]] led to its downfall. Its post office was abandoned in 1968. The final town of note is Kintyre. Settled by Swedes and Norwegians in the 1880s; it was established in 1908 and subsequently abandoned.