Editing Electronic warfare (section)

==The electromagnetic environment==
Military operations are executed in an information environment increasingly complicated by the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum portion of the information environment is referred to as the [[electromagnetic environment]] (EME). The recognized need for military forces to have unimpeded access to and use of the electromagnetic environment creates vulnerabilities and opportunities for electronic warfare in support of military operations.<ref name="JP3-13.1" />

Within the information operations construct, EW is an element of information warfare; more specifically, it is an element of offensive and defensive counterinformation.<ref name=afdd-251>{{cite web |title=Electronic Warfare; Air Force Doctrine Document 2-5.1 |pages= i, v – x |publisher= Secretary of the Air Force |date= 5 November 2002 |url= http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/service_pubs/afd2_5_1.pdf |format= Online PDF available for download |access-date=1 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110812190924/http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/service_pubs/afd2_5_1.pdf |archive-date= 12 August 2011}}</ref>

[[NATO]] has a different and arguably{{citation needed|reason= Who argued it and when? |date=August 2018}} more encompassing and comprehensive approach to EW.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Electromagnetic warfare |url=https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_80906.htm |url-status=dead |website=NATO |access-date=September 21, 2023 |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608212825/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_80906.htm }}</ref> A military committee conceptual document from 2007, ''MCM_0142 Nov 2007 Military Committee Transformation Concept for Future NATO Electronic Warfare'',{{citation needed |reason= I can't find the MCM-0142 document anywhere on the web, although it is mentioned on a lot of sites. Can we find a copy of it to cite here? |date= August 2018}} recognised the EME as an operational maneuver space and warfighting environment/domain. In NATO, EW is considered to be warfare in the EME. NATO has adopted simplified language which parallels those used in other warfighting environments like maritime, land, and air/space. For example, an electronic attack (EA) is offensive use of EM energy, electronic defense (ED), and electronic surveillance (ES). The use of the traditional NATO EW terms, electronic countermeasures (ECM), electronic protective measures (EPM), and electronic support measures (ESM) has been retained as they contribute to and support electronic attack (EA), electronic defense (ED) and electronic surveillance (ES). Besides EW, other EM operations include intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR), and signals intelligence (SIGINT). Subsequently, NATO has issued EW policy and doctrine and is addressing the other NATO defense lines of development.

Primary EW activities have been developed over time to exploit the opportunities and vulnerabilities that are inherent in the [[physics]] of [[energy|EM energy]]. Activities used in EW include electro-optical, [[infrared]] and [[radio frequency]] countermeasures; EM compatibility and deception; [[radio jamming]], [[radar jamming and deception]] and [[electronic counter-countermeasures]] (or anti-jamming); electronic masking, probing, reconnaissance, and intelligence; electronic security; EW reprogramming; emission control; spectrum management; and wartime reserve modes.<ref name="JP3-13.1"/><ref name=afdd-251/>