Editing Elba (section)

==Geography==
Elba is the largest remaining stretch of land from the ancient tract that once connected the Italian peninsula to Corsica.{{cn|date=June 2023}} The northern coast faces the Ligurian Sea, the eastern coast the Piombino Channel, the southern coast the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the Corsica Channel divides the western tip of the island from neighbouring Corsica.

===Geology===
The island itself is made up of slices of rocks which once formed part of the ancient [[Tethys Ocean|Tethyan]] seafloor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0040195198000602/1-s2.0-S0040195198000602-main.pdf?_tid=d4a63926-8aeb-11e4-a93e-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1419370801_078832222f5c9eb412283112afb4aff8 |title=The association of continental crust rocks with ophiolites in the Northern Apennines (Italy): implications for the continent-ocean transition in the Western Tethys |work=els-cdn.com}}</ref> These rocks have been through at least two [[Orogeny|orogenies]], the [[Alpine orogeny]] and the [[Apennine Mountains|Apennine orogeny]]. The second of these two events was associated with subduction of the [[Tethys Ocean|Tethyan]] oceanic crust underneath [[Italy]] and the obduction of parts of the ancient seafloor onto the continents. Later extension within the stretched inner part of the [[Apennine Mountains]] caused adiabatic melting and the intrusion of the [[Mount Capanne]] and the La Serra-Porto Azzuro granitoids. These igneous bodies brought with them [[skarn]] fluids which dissolved and replaced some of the carbonate units, precipitating [[iron]]-rich minerals in their place. One of the [[iron]]-rich minerals, [[ilvaite]], was first identified on the island and takes its name from the [[Latin]] word for Elba. More recently, high-angle faults formed within the tectonic pile, allowing for the migration of [[iron]]-rich fluids through the crust. The deposits left behind by these fluids formed the island's rich seams of [[iron ore]].

[[File:MteCapanne.JPG|thumb|right|Mount Capanne]]
The terrain is quite varied and is thus divided into several areas based on [[geomorphology]]. The mountainous and most recent part of the island can be found to the west, the centre of which is dominated by [[Mount Capanne]] (at a height of 1,018 metres, or 3,340 feet), also called the "roof of the Tuscan Archipelago". The mountain is home to many animal species including the [[mouflon]] and [[wild boar]], two species that flourish despite the continuous influx of tourists. The central part of the island is a mostly flat section with the width being reduced to just four kilometres ({{cvt|4|km|abbr=off|disp=output only}}). It is where the major centres can be found: Portoferraio, Campo nell'Elba. To the east is the oldest part of the island, formed over 3 million years ago.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://ofioliti.it/index.php/ofioliti/article/view/137/137 |title=Login |journal=Ofioliti |year=2001 |volume=26 |issue=2a |pages=97–150 |last1=Bortolotti |first1=Valerio |last2=Fazzuoli |first2=Milvio |last3=Pandeli |first3=Enrico |last4=Principi |first4=Gianfranco |last5=Babbini |first5=Amedeo |last6=Corti |first6=Simone}}</ref> In the hilly area, dominated by Monte Calamita, are the deposits of [[iron]] that made Elba famous.

===Hydrography===
Rivers rarely exceed {{cvt|3|km|0|abbr=off}} in length, and it is common for the shorter ones to dry up during the summer. The largest rivers, sorted by length, are:
*Fosso San Francesco {{cvt|6.5|km}};
*Fosso Barion, {{cvt|5.1|km}};
*Fosso Redinoce, {{cvt|2|km}}

Between Poggio and Marciana, at the foot of Mount Capanne, is a spring called Fonte Napoleone, known for its quality.

===Climate===
The climate of the island is predominantly Mediterranean, except for Mount Capanne, where winters tend to be moderately cold. Precipitation is concentrated in autumn and comprises a normal rainfall. The island lies in the [[rain shadow]] of the large and mountainous island of Corsica, so precipitation totals are somewhat reduced from the mainland (most of the island receives less than 750&nbsp;mm (30 inches) annually). Snowfall in winter is rare in the lowlands and melts quickly. The table below shows the average temperatures for the islands by month.
{{Weather box
|location=Monte Calamita, Elba Island (1991–2020)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
| Jan high C  =9.9
| Feb high C  =10.2
| Mar high C  =12.7
| Apr high C  =15.5
| May high C  =19.7
| Jun high C  =24.0
| Jul high C  =27.4
| Aug high C  =27.8
| Sep high C  =23.5
| Oct high C  =18.8
| Nov high C  =14.2
| Dec high C  =10.9
| year high C =
| Jan mean C  =7.8
| Feb mean C  =7.7
| Mar mean C  =9.8
| Apr mean C  =12.5
| May mean C  =16.3
| Jun mean C  =20.4
| Jul mean C  =23.6
| Aug mean C  =24.0
| Sep mean C  =20.2
| Oct mean C  =16.3
| Nov mean C  =12.1
| Dec mean C  =8.8
| year mean C =
| Jan low C  =5.7
| Feb low C  =5.3
| Mar low C  =7.1
| Apr low C  =9.6
| May low C  =13.2
| Jun low C  =16.9
| Jul low C  =19.9
| Aug low C  =20.4
| Sep low C  =17.0
| Oct low C  =13.9
| Nov low C  =10.0
| Dec low C  =6.9
| year low C =
| precipitation colour  =  green
| Jan precipitation mm  =48.3
| Feb precipitation mm  =52.5
| Mar precipitation mm  =47.2
| Apr precipitation mm  =43.6
| May precipitation mm  =39.5
| Jun precipitation mm  =25.1
| Jul precipitation mm  =15.4
| Aug precipitation mm  =20.0
| Sep precipitation mm  =66.5
| Oct precipitation mm  =74.4
| Nov precipitation mm  =82.6
| Dec precipitation mm  =63.1
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days =  1.0 mm
| precip days colour      =  
| Jan precipitation days  =6.3
| Feb precipitation days  =6.3
| Mar precipitation days  =5.7
| Apr precipitation days  =5.7
| May precipitation days  =5.2
| Jun precipitation days  =2.9
| Jul precipitation days  =1.5
| Aug precipitation days  =1.7
| Sep precipitation days  =4.8
| Oct precipitation days  =6.2
| Nov precipitation days  =7.9
| Dec precipitation days  =7.8
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity    =77.5
| Feb humidity    =74.0
| Mar humidity    =72.8
| Apr humidity    =72.7
| May humidity    =72.8
| Jun humidity    =71.0
| Jul humidity    =68.8
| Aug humidity    =70.3
| Sep humidity    =74.1
| Oct humidity    =78.5
| Nov humidity    =80.0
| Dec humidity    =78.2
| year humidity   =

| Jan dew point C =4.1
| Feb dew point C =3.1
| Mar dew point C =4.9
| Apr dew point C =7.5
| May dew point C =11.2
| Jun dew point C =14.8
| Jul dew point C =16.9
| Aug dew point C =17.7
| Sep dew point C =15.1
| Oct dew point C =12.3
| Nov dew point C =8.8
| Dec dew point C =5.2

| source = [[NOAA]]<ref name=NCEI>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/MonteCalamita_16197.csv |title=WMO Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Monte Calamita-16197 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |access-date=29 February 2024 |publisher=[[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration]] |no-pp=y |type=Excel |format=CSV }}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location=Elba
|collapsed=yes
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=17.6
|Feb record high C=18.0
|Mar record high C=22.0
|Apr record high C=24.6
|May record high C=29.6
|Jun record high C=33.4
|Jul record high C=35.0
|Aug record high C=37.2
|Sep record high C=32.0
|Oct record high C=27.0
|Nov record high C=24.6
|Dec record high C=17.2
|year record high C=
|Jan high C=9.6
|Feb high C=10.0
|Mar high C=12.0
|Apr high C=14.2
|May high C=18.8
|Jun high C=22.7
|Jul high C=26.5
|Aug high C=26.7
|Sep high C=22.6
|Oct high C=18.0
|Nov high C=13.4
|Dec high C=10.5
|year high C=
|Jan mean C=7.4
|Feb mean C=7.5
|Mar mean C=9.2
|Apr mean C=11.4
|May mean C=15.6
|Jun mean C=19.3
|Jul mean C=22.7
|Aug mean C=23.1
|Sep mean C=19.5
|Oct mean C=15.4
|Nov mean C=11.2
|Dec mean C=8.5
|year mean C=
|Jan low C=5.3
|Feb low C=5.0
|Mar low C=6.3
|Apr low C=8.5
|May low C=12.3
|Jun low C=15.8
|Jul low C=19.0
|Aug low C=19.5
|Sep low C=16.4
|Oct low C=12.9
|Nov low C=9.0
|Dec low C=6.5
|year low C=
|Jan record low C=-7.4
|Feb record low C=-5.4
|Mar record low C=-5.4
|Apr record low C=1.2
|May record low C=3.4
|Jun record low C=5.0
|Jul record low C=12.2
|Aug record low C=11.6
|Sep record low C=7.6
|Oct record low C=2.0
|Nov record low C=-1.0
|Dec record low C=-5.4
|year record low C=
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=59.5
|Feb precipitation mm=75.6
|Mar precipitation mm=56.2
|Apr precipitation mm=57.8
|May precipitation mm=31.6
|Jun precipitation mm=26.8
|Jul precipitation mm=13.8
|Aug precipitation mm=41.5
|Sep precipitation mm=75.0
|Oct precipitation mm=101.6
|Nov precipitation mm=88.7
|Dec precipitation mm=50.5
|Jan humidity=77
|Feb humidity=76
|Mar humidity=75
|Apr humidity=76
|May humidity=76
|Jun humidity=73
|Jul humidity=68
|Aug humidity=72
|Sep humidity=76
|Oct humidity=80
|Nov humidity=81
|Dec humidity=79
|Jan precipitation days=6.7
|Feb precipitation days=6.2
|Mar precipitation days=6.9
|Apr precipitation days=7.0
|May precipitation days=5.0
|Jun precipitation days=3.5
|Jul precipitation days=1.6
|Aug precipitation days=2.4
|Sep precipitation days=5.0
|Oct precipitation days=7.9
|Nov precipitation days=7.3
|Dec precipitation days=5.8
|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm
|Jan sun=133.3
|Feb sun=118.7
|Mar sun=155.0
|Apr sun=183.0
|May sun=195.3
|Jun sun=237.0
|Jul sun=275.9
|Aug sun=257.3
|Sep sun=201.0
|Oct sun=151.9
|Nov sun=117.0
|Dec sun=114.7
|source 1=Servizio Meteorologico (temperature and precipitation data 1971–2000),<ref name=Servizio>{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(197)Elba%20Monte%20Calamita.pdf |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |title=Elba/M. Calamita |access-date=13 October 2012}}</ref> [[NOAA]](Extremes 1991-2020)<ref name=NCEI/>
|source 2=Servizio Meteorologico (relative humidity and sun data 1961–1990)<ref name=SM>{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/viewClino.php?type=File&station=197&name_station=Elba |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |title=Monte Calamita – Elba |access-date=13 October 2012}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}