Editing Edward Bernays (section)

==Family and education==
Edward Bernays was born in Vienna to a Jewish family.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lavin |first=Maud |title=A literary couple's muted memoir of 1950s New York |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=July 21, 2002 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2002/07/21/a-literary-couples-muted-memoir-of-1950s-new-york/ |quote=Edward and his wife, Doris Fleischman, were nonpracticing, highly assimilated, wealthy German-American Jews, and Anne grew up a self-professed hothouse flower on New York's Upper East Side. |access-date=2018-09-10 |archive-date=2018-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911044557/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-07-21/entertainment/0207200475_1_nephew-of-sigmund-freud-literary-culture-caste |url-status=live}}</ref> His mother, Anna (1858–1955), was [[Sigmund Freud]]'s sister, and his father Eli (1860–1921) was the brother of Freud's wife, Martha Bernays; their grandfather, [[Isaac Bernays]] (through their father [[Bernays family|Berman]]), was the [[chief rabbi]] of Hamburg and a relative of the poet [[Heinrich Heine]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/12/consumer |journal=[[Monitor on Psychology]] |title=Psychoanalysis shapes consumer culture |first=Lisa |last=Held |page=32 |date=December 2009 |volume=40 |issue=11 |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] (APA)}}</ref><ref>[[David Bakan|Bakan, David]] (1958). [https://archive.org/download/DavidBakanSigmundFreudAndTheJewishMysticalTradition/David%20Bakan%20-%20Sigmund%20Freud%20and%20the%20Jewish%20Mystical%20Tradition.pdf ''Sigmund Freud and the Jewish Mystical Tradition''.] [[Princeton University Press]], p. 196.</ref>

The Bernays family moved from Vienna to the United States in the 1890s. After Eli Bernays started working as a grain exporter at the Manhattan Produce Exchange, he sent for his wife and children.{{sfn|Tye|1998|p=115}} In 1892, his family moved to New York City, where Bernays attended [[DeWitt Clinton High School]].<ref name="Colford Birthday Salute">{{cite news
|last=Colford |first=Paul D. |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/102844501.html?dids=102844501:102844501&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+05%2C+1991&author=By+Paul+D.+Colford.+STAFF+WRITER&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=A+BIRTHDAY+SALUTE+TO+THE+FATHER+OF+PUBLIC+RELATIONS+For+Immediate+Release%3A+Edward+Bernays+Is+100&pqatl=google |title=A Birthday Salute to the Father of Public Relations |newspaper=Newsday |edition=Nassau |at=Part II p. 78 |date=December 5, 1991 |access-date=February 24, 2016 |archive-date=July 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720075544/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/102844501.html?dids=102844501:102844501&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+05%2C+1991&author=By+Paul+D.+Colford.+STAFF+WRITER&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=A+BIRTHDAY+SALUTE+TO+THE+FATHER+OF+PUBLIC+RELATIONS+For+Immediate+Release%3A+Edward+Bernays+Is+100&pqatl=google |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1912 he graduated from [[Cornell University]] with a degree in agriculture, but chose journalism as his first career.{{sfn|Tye|1998|p=4–5}}

He married [[Doris E. Fleischman]] in 1922.<ref name="nytobit">{{cite news |last=Cook |first=Joan |date=July 12, 1980 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/07/12/archives/doris-fleischman-bernays-dead-pioneer-public-relations-counsel.html |title=Doris Fleischman Bernays Dead; Pioneer Public Relations Counsel |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |at=Metropolitan Report p. 22 |access-date=February 24, 2016 |archive-date=July 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723065831/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/07/12/archives/doris-fleischman-bernays-dead-pioneer-public-relations-counsel.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Fleischman was a member of the [[Lucy Stone League]], a group which encouraged women to keep their names after marriage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doris Fleischman |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/fleischman-doris |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref>

Later, however, she changed her mind and her name, becoming Doris Bernays. By all accounts, Fleischman played a major though quiet role in the Bernays public relations business—including ghost-writing numerous memos and speeches, and publishing a newsletter.<ref name="tye">Tye (1998), pp. 1–3, 123–124. "Once she resolved to enter her husband's world of public relations, Doris did play a central role in building the Bernays empire, and when the press dubbed him the prince of publicity she could rightfully claim to be the princess. She made her mark first as a wordsmith, churning out press releases and polished stories on clients ranging from the U.S. War Department to the [[American Tobacco Company]]. She also conceived of, wrote, and edited a four-page newsletter called ''Contact'', which reprinted parts of speeches and articles on public relations, sorted through new ideas in the field, and promoted the activities of the Bernays office. And she ghost-wrote scores of speeches and strategy papers that were delivered under her husband's name. It's easy to pick out her writings from among the many papers that Eddie Bernays left behind: they're the ones with rich vocabulary and poetic flourish, free from the more formal style that was his trademark."</ref>