Editing Edvard Westermarck (section)

==Biography==
Westermarck was born in 1862 in a well-off Lutheran<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anthropological Association|first=American|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYwjAQAAIAAJ&q=%22edward+westermarck%22+%22lutheran%22|title=Abstracts of the Annual Meeting, 2008|year=2008 |publisher=American Anthropological Association. }}</ref> family, part of the [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland]]. His father worked at the [[University of Helsinki]] as a bursar, and his maternal grandfather was a professor at the same university. It was thus natural for Edvard to study there, obtaining his first degree in [[philosophy]] in 1886, but developing also an interest in [[anthropology]] and reading the works of [[Charles Darwin]]. His thesis, [[The History of Human Marriage]], was published as a book in 1891, and would be published again in a substantially revised edition in 1921.<ref name="Berose">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Lyons|first=Andrew|title= A Revolutionary Anthropologist Before His Time: Intellectual Biography of Edward Westermarck|encyclopedia=Bérose-Encyclopédie internationale des histoires de l'anthropologie|url= http://www.berose.fr/article1452.html?lang=fr|access-date=19 January 2020|year=2018|publisher=Bérose}}</ref>

In 1892, Westermarck became a lecturer in Sociology at the University of Helsinki. While at the university, he became the chairman of the [[Prometheus Society (student society)|Prometheus Society]], a student society promoting religious freedom.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prometheus|url=https://www.uppslagsverket.fi/sv/sok/view-170045-Prometheus|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-16|website=www.uppslagsverket.fi|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215110014/https://www.uppslagsverket.fi/sv/sok/view-170045-Prometheus |archive-date=2021-12-15 }}</ref> He was promoted to professor of Moral Philosophy in 1906 and occupied that chair until 1918,<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Westermarck |title=Edward Westermarck|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2019|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref> when he moved to the [[Åbo Akademi University]] in [[Turku]].<ref name="Columbia">{{cite web|url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/social-science/sociology/westermarck-edward-alexander|title=Westermarck, Edward Alexander|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2012|website=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia|publisher=Columbia University Press|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref> His students included [[Ragnar Numelin]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoebel |first=E. Adamson |date=1950 |title=Review of The Beginnings of Diplomacy: A Sociological Study of Intertribal and International Relations. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2086620 |journal=American Sociological Review |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=810–810 |doi=10.2307/2086620 |issn=0003-1224}}</ref>

While still teaching Philosophy in Turku, he helped found academic [[sociology]] in the United Kingdom, becoming the first Martin White Professor of Sociology (with [[Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse]]) in 1907 in the [[University of London]].<ref name="Columbia" /><ref name="Britannica" /> One of the original reasons he spent time in London is he did not feel safe in Helsinki or Turku because of his advocacy of the independence of Finland, but even when the political situation quieted down, he continued teaching in both London and Turku until 1930 and 1932 respectively. He had also served for some years, between 1918 and 1921, as Rector of the Åbo Akademi University. He retired in 1932, and spent the rest of his life completing and publishing his major works, ''Ethical Relativity'' (1932), ''Three Essays on Sex and Morals'' (1934), ''The Future of Marriage in Western Civilization'' (1936) and ''Christianity and Morals'' (1939), the latter published in the year when he died. In 1929, he had published the English version, ''Memories of My Life'' of his autobiography, originally published in Swedish in 1927.<ref name="Berose" />