Editing Easthampton, Massachusetts (section)

== History ==

Easthampton was first settled by European immigrants beginning in 1664 as the village of Pascommuck and was originally part of Northampton. On 24 May 1704 during [[Queen Anne's War]], a party of 72 Native Americans attacked the village, killing 19 of 38 residents.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dwyer |first=Edward |date=2000 |title=Images of America: Easthampton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPgNnZmxOcgC&pg=PA7 |location=Great Britain |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |page=7 |isbn=0738504181}}</ref> The village was soon resettled, and by 1785, Easthampton was established as a "district" by Massachusetts (a former type of political entity with less independence than a [[New England town|town]]), and in 1809, it was incorporated as a town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth-oai:ht24wv90r|title=1809 Chap. 0011. An Act To Incorporate The District Of Easthampton, In The County Of Hampshire, Into A Town By The Name Of Easthampton.|website=www.digitalcommonwealth.org}}</ref> Easthampton is the youngest municipality in Hampshire County by date of incorporation. (It was not, however, the last incorporated; two of the three disincorporated towns of the [[Quabbin Reservoir]] in Hampshire County, [[Enfield, Massachusetts|Enfield]] and [[Prescott, Massachusetts|Prescott]], were incorporated afterwards.)

The town grew primarily around the [[Manhan River]], both through its phase as a strictly agricultural community and later, through the [[Industrial Revolution]], when mills and factories were first built in Easthampton, mainly in connection with [[textile manufacturing]] and its offshoots. The first of these, the Williston-Knight Button Company, was established in 1847 by Samuel Williston, son of the town's first minister, a [[Congregational church|Congregationalist]] named Payson Williston. The company specialized in cloth-covered buttons—a coveted item at the time—and to facilitate the operation of the machinery, a local brook was dammed, creating Nashawannuck Pond. Other mills soon opened nearby, a number of them specializing in elastic and rubber thread manufacturing.

Following this spurt of industrial development, the town's first [[High school (North America)|high school]] and first national bank opened in 1864, and a [[town hall]] was built in 1869. Constables were replaced by the town's first police officer in 1871, the same year that Easthampton became a regular stop on the [[railroad]]. The town's public [[library]] opened in 1881, and fourteen years later in 1895 the community was introduced to two new innovations, telephones and streetcars. With the influx of new residents came a number of new churches, founded for [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopalian]], [[Lutheran]], and [[Methodist]] parishioners, as well as a second Congregational church. In 1899, the West Boylston Manufacturing Company and the Hampton Company, both specializing in cloth production, moved to Easthampton, recruiting a larger immigrant labor force, particularly from [[Poland]] and [[French Canada|Canada]].

During [[World War I]], the town's mills all obtained federal wartime contracts and did well financially, but long before the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]] hit, many factories owners were already laying off employees, seeking [[merger]]s with other companies, or looking for buyers for their facilities. One of the few successes during this time was the [[American Character Doll Company]], also known as Paragon Rubber, whose cofounder, Edward Schaeffer, was credited with inventing the first rubber doll mass-marketed in the United States.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_elastomerics_1963-08_93_5/page/790/mode/2up|magazine=Rubber Age|title=Edward G. Schaeffer|page=790|date=August 1963|publisher=Penton Business Media}}</ref>

[[World War II]] provided some relief for the Easthampton economy, as several of the older textile companies as well as newer heavy manufacturing corporations received another round of federal contracts. However, beginning in the early 1960s a number of critical closures hit the town hard. Revitalization attempts began with the opening of a new [[industrial park]] and continued with a joint government-private industrial mall which has failed to solve significantly higher rates of unemployment and poverty compared to Hampshire County as a whole.

Small farms and well-established small businesses remain the economic core of Easthampton. Easthampton changed its charter in 1996 to become a city. Since 1996 the downtown area has attracted a small community of artists and young people migrating due to Easthampton's lower [[cost of living]] compared to nearby Northampton, a hub of the [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] community regionally. Small stores around Main Street, Union Street, and Cottage Street have changed business due to the influx of this new demographic. This growth has produced new arts and cultural events such as the monthly Art Walk Easthampton in which visual, music and performance artists showcase their talents at venues around the city.  In November 2018, the administration of [[Governor of Massachusetts|Massachusetts Governor]] [[Charlie Baker]] announced a $3.5 million grant through the MassWorks program to the Ferry Street Mill redevelopment project in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Baker-Polito Administration Announces $3.5 Million MassWorks Award for Easthampton |publisher=www.mass.gov |url=https://www.mass.gov/news/baker-polito-administration-announces-35-million-massworks-award-for-easthampton |date=November 2, 2018 |access-date=December 6, 2018}}</ref>