Editing East of England (section)

==Geography==
[[File:London, Great Britain Population Density and Low Elevation Coastal Zones (5457306673).jpg|thumb|England population density and low elevation coastal zones. East of England is particularly vulnerable to [[sea level rise]].]]
The East of England has the lowest elevation range in the UK. Twenty per cent of the region is below mean sea level, most of this in North Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and on the Essex Coast.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Summary of Climate Change To coincide with the publication of the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) 2012 Risks for the East of England|url=http://www.greensuffolk.org/assets/Greenest-County/Adaptation/General/Summary-of-climate-change-risks-to-East-of-England.pdf|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Norfolk topographic map, elevation, relief|url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/maps/swsb/Norfolk/|access-date=2020-08-22|website=topographic-map.com|language=en}}</ref> Most of the remaining area is of low elevation, with extensive glacial deposits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=East Anglia {{!}} region, England, United Kingdom|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Anglia|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> [[The Fens]], a large area of reclaimed marshland, are mostly in North Cambridgeshire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fens {{!}} marshland, England, United Kingdom|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Fens|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> The Fens include the lowest point in the country in the village of [[Holme, Cambridgeshire|Holme]]: 2.75 metres (9.0&nbsp;ft) below mean sea level. This area formerly included the body of open water known as [[Whittlesey Mere]]. The highest point in the region is at Clipper Down at 817&nbsp;ft (249 m) above mean sea level, in the far southwestern corner of the region in the [[Ivinghoe Hills]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Holme Fen {{!}} The Great Fen|url=https://www.greatfen.org.uk/holme-fen|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.greatfen.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Whittlesey Mere {{!}} The Great Fen|url=https://www.greatfen.org.uk/about-great-fen/heritage/whittlesey-mere|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.greatfen.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd|first=Copyright The mountain Guide-A.-Connect|title=Clipper Down {{!}} England|url=https://www.themountainguide.co.uk/england/clipper-down.htm|access-date=2020-08-05|website=UK mountain Guide|language=en|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029041235/https://www.themountainguide.co.uk/england/clipper-down.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Communities known as [[New towns movement|New Towns]], responses to urban congestion and World War II destruction, appeared in [[Basildon]] and [[Harlow]] (Essex), as well as in [[Stevenage]] and [[Hemel Hempstead]] (Hertfordshire), in the 1950s and 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrating 70 Years of the New Towns Act|url=https://www.tcpa.org.uk/nta-70|access-date=2020-08-25|website=Town and Country Planning Association|language=en}}</ref> In the late 1960s, the [[Roskill Commission]] considered Cublington in Buckinghamshire, [[Thurleigh]] in Bedfordshire, [[Nuthampstead]] in Hertfordshire and [[Foulness]] in Essex as locations for a possible third airport for London. A new airport was not built, but a former [[RAF Stansted Mountfitchet|Royal Air Force base at Stansted]], which had previously been converted to civilian use redeveloped and expanded in the following decades.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/af8f2327-27fc-48c9-9d56-4417fab51d29|title=Roskill Commission on the Third London Airport|language=en}}</ref>

===Historical use===
The East of England succeeded the [[Standard statistical regions|standard statistical region]] East Anglia (which excluded [[Essex]], [[Hertfordshire]] and [[Bedfordshire]], then in the [[South East England|South East]]). The East of England [[Historical and alternative regions of England#Civil defence regions|civil defence region]] was identical to today's region.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haslam |first=Jeremy |date=January 2011 |title=Daws Castle, Somerset, and Civil Defence Measures in Southern and Midland England in the Ninth to Eleventh Centuries |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00665983.2011.11020834 |journal=Archaeological Journal |language=en |volume=168 |issue=1 |pages=195–226 |doi=10.1080/00665983.2011.11020834 |s2cid=161250564 |issn=0066-5983}}</ref>

===East Anglia with Home Counties===
Essex, despite meaning East-Saxons, previously formed part of the [[South East England]] administrative region, along with Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire, a mixture of definite and debatable [[Home counties]]. The earliest use of the term is from 1695. [[Charles Davenant]], in ''An essay upon ways and means of supplying the war'', wrote, "The Eleven Home Counties, which are thought in Land Taxes to pay more than their proportion..." then cited a list including these four. The term does not appear to have been used in taxation since the 18th century.<ref name="Davenant">{{cite book |first=Charles |last=Davenant |author-link=Charles Davenant |title=An Essay upon Ways and Means of Supplying the War |location=London |publisher=Jacob Tonson |year=1695 |page=77 }}; quoted in {{OED|Home Counties}}</ref>