Editing East Berlin, Pennsylvania (section)

== History ==
===Pre-colonization and early development===
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, the area in what would become East Berlin was inhabited by the [[Susquehannock]] Native Americans. As early as 1734, German, Irish, Dutch, and Quaker settlers began occupying land in what would later become Adams County.<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" /> Following the 1736 signing of a treaty in Philadelphia between Thomas Penn and members of [[Iroquois#Iroquois Confederacy|the Six Nations]], many settlers began safely moving to the area.<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" />

In 1764, John Frankenberger purchased two hundred acres of land from [[Thomas Penn|Thomas]] and [[Richard Penn Sr.|Richard Penn]], the sons of [[William Penn]].<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial">{{cite book|title=The Wheels of Time II |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-63452-297-7}}</ref> He divided it into eighty-five lots with streets and alleys and named it "Berlin" after [[Berlin|Berlin, Germany]], then the capital of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], his native country.  Subsequently, confusion with [[Berlin, Pennsylvania|another community in Pennsylvania]] led to altering the name to "East Berlin."  By 1797, under the new owner John Hildebrand, East Berlin had approximately one hundred houses.  When York County was divided in 1800, East Berlin became part of the newly created Adams County.

===19th Century and the Civil War===
For much of its early history, East Berlin was not legally a borough with its own municipal government, but a part of neighboring [[Hamilton Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania|Hamilton Township]]; on November 10, 1879, after town residents petitioned the Court of Adams County, 407 acres of land around the community were officially designated as the borough of East Berlin.<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" /> The town would maintain basic infrastructure like streets, sidewalks, curbs, and oil lamps. The borough built a water reservoir in 1897. Congressman and abolitionist [[Thaddeus Stevens]] briefly owned property in East Berlin from 1832 to 1848 before moving to [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]].<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" />

During the [[Gettysburg Campaign|Gettysburg campaign]] of the Civil War, [[Jubal Early|Jubal Early's]] Confederate troops marched twice through East Berlin, only a few days before the [[Battle of Gettysburg]] would take place.<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" /> Many residents, aware that the soldiers would pillage and loot for supplies, left milk and other supplies outside their homes, hoping to appease the soldiers.<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" /> There are other stories of incidents between residents of East Berlin and the Confederate soldiers: after spotting women baking bread in the communal ovens, Confederate soldiers allegedly forced the women to hand over the bread they had made. Other folklore suggests that an unidentified man in the second story of the tavern on King Street shot at the Confederates as they passed through town, and that two families with the name Lincoln from nearby [[Dover, Pennsylvania|Dover]] hid in East Berlin after hearing that Confederates would kill anyone they met named "Lincoln."<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" /> Early himself spent the night at the Zinn farmhouse (named after the woman who owned it) just west of the town on June 27, where he was treated to a variety of Pennsylvania Dutch dishes.<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" />

In 1877, the [[Berlin Branch Railroad]] was completed, linking the town to Berlin Junction on the [[Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad]]. The railroad operated until 1914, when the tracks were removed from East Berlin to Abbottstown. The rail line was relaid in 1916 and continued to operate as the East Berlin Railroad until 1939. The tracks were again removed in 1940.<ref>{{cite book | author=Taber, Thomas T., III | year=1987 | title=Railroads of Pennsylvania Encyclopedia and Atlas | publisher=Thomas T. Taber III | isbn=0-9603398-5-X |page=6}}</ref>

===20th Century===
In 1921, power lines were constructed in East Berlin, as well as neighboring [[Abbottstown, Pennsylvania|Abbottstown]]. 1933 marked the first year that natural gas piping was operational in the town. In the 1950s, the East Berlin Municipal Authority was created, which began to construct a sewage and water treatment facility. Despite some cave-ins during construction of the lines, no major injuries were sustained during its difficult construction, and the project was completed in February 1957.<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" />

American diplomat [[George F. Kennan]] bought a farm in East Berlin in 1942. Following his work in President Harry S. Truman’s administration, he used it as a secondary home while he worked at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]]. He owned it until his death in 2005.<ref name="The Wheels of Time II: East Berlin Sestercentennial" /> In 1967, Kennan had his daughter Grace house [[Svetlana Stalin|Svetlana Stalina]], the daughter of [[Joseph Stalin]], in their home in East Berlin following her defection to the United States, where she stayed for the summer; Grace admits that the people of East Berlin did not "know they had a mysterious visitor in their midst."<ref>{{cite web |last=Kennan Warnecke |first=Grace |date=April 29, 2018 |title=My Secret Summer with Stalin's Daughter |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/04/29/svetlana-stalin-russia-grace-kennan-warnecke-218110 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205162835/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/04/29/svetlana-stalin-russia-grace-kennan-warnecke-218110/ |archive-date=Dec 5, 2022 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>

The [[East Berlin Historic District]] was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1985.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a|name=East Berlin Historic District|refnum=85002693}}</ref>