Editing Earth Simulator (section)

== Earth Simulator (first generation) ==
{{Infobox custom computer
| Image           = EarthSimulator.jpg
| Image_Size      = 
| Alt             = 
| Caption         = Earth Simulator (first generation)
| Dates           = 2002–2009
| Sponsors        = 
| Operators       = [[National Space Development Agency of Japan|NASDA]], [[Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute|JAERI]], [[Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology|JAMSTEC]]
| Location        = JAMSTEC Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences
| Architecture    = 640 processor nodes (each consists of 8 vector arithmetic processors) interconnected by single-stage crossbar switches
| Power           = 
| OS              = [[SUPER-UX]]
| Space           = {{cvt|65|×|50|m}}
| Memory          = 10 TB total
| Storage         = 
| Speed           = 40 TFLOPS (peak)
| Cost            = 
| ChartName       = [[TOP500]]
| ChartPosition   = 1
| ChartDate       = June 2002
| Purpose         = 
| Legacy          = 
| Emulators       = 
| Website         = 
| Sources         = 
}}
The first generation of Earth Simulator, developed by the Japanese government's initiative "Earth Simulator Project", was a highly parallel vector [[supercomputer]] system for running [[global climate model]]s to evaluate the [[effects of global warming]] and problems in solid earth geophysics. The system was developed for [[JAXA|Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency]], [[Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute]], and [[Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology|Japan Marine Science and Technology Center]] (JAMSTEC) in 1997. Construction started in October 1999, and the site officially opened on 11 March 2002. The project cost 60 billion [[Japanese yen|yen]].

Built by [[NEC]], ES was based on their [[NEC SX-6|SX-6]] architecture. It consisted of 640 nodes with eight [[vector processor]]s and 16 [[gigabyte]]s of [[computer memory]] at each node, for a total of 5120 [[central processing unit|processor]]s and 10 [[terabyte]]s of memory. Two nodes were installed per 1 metre × 1.4 metre × 2 metre cabinet.  Each cabinet consumed 20&nbsp;kW of power. The system had 700 [[terabyte]]s of [[disk storage]] (450 for the system and 250 for the users) and 1.6 [[petabyte]]s of [[mass storage]] in [[tape drive]]s. It was able to run holistic simulations of global climate in both the atmosphere and the oceans down to a resolution of 10&nbsp;km. Its performance on the [[LINPACK]] benchmark was 35.86 [[TFLOPS]], which was almost five times faster than the previous fastest supercomputer, [[ASCI White]].

ES was the [[TOP500|fastest supercomputer in the world]] from 2002 to 2004. Its capacity was surpassed by [[IBM]]'s [[Blue Gene|Blue Gene/L]] prototype on 29 September 2004.

{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Earth Simulator PB111941.jpg|thumb|upright|Earth Simulator interconnection rack]]
| [[File:Earth Simulator PB111943.jpg|thumb|upright|Earth Simulator processing rack]]
| [[File:Earth Simulator PB111965.jpg|thumb|Earth Simulator arithmetic processing module]]
|}