Editing E. H. Shepard (section)

== Early life and career ==

[[File:EH Shepard's House, Lodsworth. - geograph.org.uk - 203097.jpg|thumb|Shepard's house in [[Lodsworth]], marked with a [[blue plaque]]]]

Shepard was born in [[St John's Wood]], London, son of Henry Donkin Shepard, an architect, and Jessie Harriet, daughter of watercolour painter William Lee.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-31675|isbn = 978-0-19-861412-8|doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/31675|title = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|year = 2004}}</ref> Having shown some promise in drawing at [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], in 1897 he enrolled in the [[Heatherley School of Fine Art]] in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Chandler|first=Arthur R.|title=E.H. Shepard, The Man Who Drew Pooh|publisher=Jaydem Books|year=2000|location=Winkinswood Farm, West Sussex, UK|pages=27–31, 168|isbn=978-1-903368-02-2}}</ref> After a productive year there, he attended the [[Royal Academy Schools]], winning a Landseer scholarship in 1899 and a British Institute prize in 1900.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 33.</ref> There he met Florence Eleanor Chaplin, whom he married in 1904.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 37.</ref> By 1906 Shepard had become a successful illustrator, having produced work for illustrated editions of [[Aesop's Fables]], ''[[David Copperfield (novel)|David Copperfield]]'', and ''[[Tom Brown's Schooldays]]'', while at the same time working as an illustrator on the staff of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 51.</ref> The couple bought a house in London, but in 1905 moved to Shamley Green, near Guildford.

Shepard was a prolific painter, showing in a number of exhibitions. He exhibited at the Royal Society of Artists, Birmingham—a traditional venue for generic painters—as well as in the more radical atmosphere of Glasgow's Institute of Fine Arts, where some of the most innovative artists were on show. He was twice an exhibitor at the [[Walker Art Gallery]] in Liverpool, one of the largest provincial galleries in the country, and another at the [[Manchester Art Gallery]], a Victorian institution later part of the public libraries. But at heart, Shepard was a Londoner, showing sixteen times at the [[Royal Academy]] on Piccadilly. His wife, who was also a painter, found a home in London's West End venue for her own modest output during a 25-year career.<ref>Johnson and Greutzner, p. 457.</ref><!-- Please do not delete these sources that are verifiable as reliable information. -->

In his mid-thirties when [[World War I]] broke out in 1914, Shepard received a commission as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Garrison Artillery]], an arm of the [[Royal Artillery]]. He was assigned to the [[105th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery|105th Siege Battery]], which crossed to France in May 1916 and went into action at the [[Battle of the Somme]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29405|page=12570|date=17 December 1915}}</ref><ref name=Shepard>Shepard's summary of 105th Siege Battery's service, in Campbell, pp. 122–5.</ref><ref>Campbell, pp. 32, 66–71.</ref><ref>Chandler (2000), p. 59.</ref>

By the autumn of 1916, Shepard started working for the Intelligence Department sketching the combat area within the view of his battery position.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 69.</ref><ref>Campbell, p. 66.</ref> On 16 February 1917, he was made an acting [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] whilst [[second-in-command]] of his battery, and briefly served as an [[major (rank)|acting major]] in late April and early May of that year during the [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Battle of Arras]] before reverting to acting captain.<ref name=Shepard/><ref name="Campbell, pp. 75–80">Campbell, pp. 75–80.</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30051|supp=y|page=4315|date=4 May 1917}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30383|supp=y|page=11818|date=13 November 1917}}</ref> He was promoted to substantive lieutenant on 1 July 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30315|supp=y|page=10142|date=28 September 1917}}</ref> Whilst acting as captain, he was awarded the [[Military Cross]]. His citation read:<ref name="MC">{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30188|page=7244|supp=y|date=17 July 1917}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. As forward Observation Officer he continued to observe and send back valuable information, in spite of heavy shell and machine gun fire. His courage and coolness were conspicuous.}}

Later in 1917, the 105th Siege Battery participated in the final stages of the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] where it came under heavy fire and suffered a number of casualties.<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 80–9.</ref> At the end of the year, it was sent to help retrieve a disastrous situation on the [[Italian Campaign (World War I)|Italian Front]], travelling by rail via [[Verona]] before coming into action on the [[Montello (hill)|Montello Hill]].<ref name=Shepard/><ref name="Campbell, pp. 75–80"/>

Shepard missed the [[Second Battle of the Piave River]] in April 1918, being on leave in England (where he was invested with his MC by King [[George V]] at [[Buckingham Palace]]) and where he was attending a gunnery course.<ref>Campbell, pp. 98–9.</ref> He was back in Italy with his battery for the victory at [[Battle of Vittorio Veneto|Vittorio Veneto]].<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 99–104.</ref> After the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]] in November 1918, Shepard was promoted to acting major in command of the battery, and given the duty of administering captured enemy guns. [[Demobilization|Demobilisation]] began at Christmas 1918 and the 105th Siege Battery was disbanded in March 1919.<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 106–19.</ref><ref>Bryant, Mark. ''World War I in Cartoons''. London: Grub Street Pub, 2006, page 9, {{ISBN|190494356X}}.</ref>

Throughout the war, he had been contributing to ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''. He was hired as a regular staff cartoonist in 1921 and became lead cartoonist in 1945. He was removed from this post in 1953 by ''Punch'''s new editor, [[Malcolm Muggeridge]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.just-pooh.com/shepard.html|title=E.H. Shepard {{!}} Winnie the Pooh|date=2014-01-04|access-date=2018-01-16|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204038/http://www.just-pooh.com/shepard.html|archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref> His work was also part of the [[Art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics#Painting|painting event]] in the [[Art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics|art competition]] at the [[1928 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920542 |title=E. H. Shepard |publisher=Olympedia |access-date=26 July 2020}}</ref>

Shepard was recommended to [[A. A. Milne]] in 1923 by another ''Punch'' staffer, [[E. V. Lucas]]. Milne initially thought Shepard's style was not what he wanted, but used him to illustrate the book of poems ''[[When We Were Very Young]]''. Happy with the results, Milne then insisted Shepard illustrate ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh (book)|Winnie-the-Pooh]]''. Realising his illustrator's contribution to the book's success, the writer arranged for Shepard to receive a share of his royalties. Milne also inscribed a copy of ''Winnie-the-Pooh'' with the following personal verse:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/winnie-the-pooh/features/eh-shepard-the-man-who-drew-pooh-in-progress|title=EH Shepard: The Man Who Drew Pooh – Winnie-the-Pooh – Icons of England|date=2010-04-20|access-date=2018-01-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420084401/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/winnie-the-pooh/features/eh-shepard-the-man-who-drew-pooh-in-progress|archive-date=20 April 2010}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|<poem>
When I am gone,
Let Shepard decorate my tomb,
And put (if there is room)
Two pictures on the stone:
Piglet from page a hundred and eleven,
And Pooh and Piglet walking (157) ...
And Peter, thinking that they are my own,
Will welcome me to Heaven.''
</poem>}}

Eventually Shepard came to resent "that silly old bear" as he felt that the Pooh illustrations overshadowed his other work.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4772370.stm|title=The man who hated Pooh|publisher=BBC News|date=6 March 2006|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>

Shepard modelled Pooh not on the toy owned by Milne's son [[Christopher Robin Milne|Christopher Robin]] but on "Growler", a stuffed bear owned by his own son.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/04/real-winnie-the-pooh-revealed-to-have-been-growler|last=Flood|first=Alison|title=The real Winnie-the-Pooh revealed to have been 'Growler'|work=The Guardian|date=4 September 2017|access-date=4 September 2017}} With sketch based on Growler.</ref> (Growler no longer exists, having been given to his granddaughter Minnie Hunt and subsequently destroyed by a neighbour's dog.)<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 92.</ref> His Pooh work is so famous that 300 of his preliminary sketches were exhibited at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in 1969, when he was 90 years old.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Howard|first1=Philip|title=Show at Pooh Corner|issue=57744|newspaper=The Times|date=16 December 1969}}</ref>

A Shepard painting of Winnie the Pooh, believed to have been painted in the 1930s for a Bristol teashop,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pooh-corner.com/bioshepard.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20071009211837/http://www.pooh-corner.com/bioshepard.html|archive-date=2007-10-09|url-status=dead|title=Pooh Corner: BIOGRAPHIES: E.H. SHEPARD|date=2007-10-09|work=pooh-corner.com|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> is his only known oil painting of the famous teddy bear. It was purchased at an auction for $243,000 in London late in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winnipeg outbids art lovers for Pooh painting|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/winnipeg-outbids-art-lovers-for-pooh-painting-1.235105|publisher=CBC News Canada|access-date=17 March 2015|date=16 November 2000}}</ref> The painting is displayed in the Pavilion Gallery at [[Assiniboine Park]] in [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Canada, the city after which Winnie is named.<ref>{{cite web|title=Art in the Park – Pavilion Gallery Museum Collections|website=Assiniboine Park|url=http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/attractions/art-in-the-park-pavilion-gallery-museum-collections.php|access-date=17 March 2015|archive-date=15 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315171953/http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/attractions/art-in-the-park-pavilion-gallery-museum-collections.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Shepard wrote two autobiographies: ''Drawn from Memory'' (1957) and ''Drawn From Life'' (1961).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shepard|first1=Ernest H.|title=Drawn from Memory|url=https://archive.org/details/drawnfrommemory00shep|url-access=registration|date=1957|publisher=Methuen|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shepard|first1=Ernest H.|title=Drawn from Life|url=https://archive.org/details/drawnfromlife00shep|url-access=registration|date=1961|publisher=Methuen|location=London}}</ref>

In 1972, Shepard gave his personal collection of papers and illustrations to the [[University of Surrey]]. These now form the E.H. Shepard Archive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.surrey.ac.uk/portal/page?_pageid=734,319143&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL|title=The E.H. Shepard Archive|publisher=University of Surrey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716180804/http://portal.surrey.ac.uk/portal/page?_pageid=734,319143&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref>

Shepard was made an [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1972 Birthday Honours]].<ref name="OBE">{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=45678|page=12|supp=y|date=3 June 1972}}</ref>