Editing Dulwich (section)

==History==
The first documented evidence of Dulwich is as a hamlet outside London in 967 AD, granted by King [[Edgar I of England|Edgar]] to one of his [[thanes]]. The name of Dulwich has been spelt in various ways since the Medieval period: Dylways, Dullag and most commonly Dilwysshe (from dile-wisc 'meadow where the [[dill]] grew'). The land was granted in 1127 by King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] to [[Bermondsey Abbey]] who then owned the surrounding land. In 1333, the population of Dulwich was recorded as 100.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Weinreb |first=Ben |url=http://archive.org/details/londonencycloped00ias |title=The London encyclopedia |publisher=Adler & Adler |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-917561-07-8 |location=Bethesda, MD |pages=241–2 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1538, [[Henry VIII]] sold the area to goldsmith Thomas Calton for £609. Calton's grandson Sir Francis Calton, due to financial reasons, sold the Manor of Dulwich for £5,000 in 1605 to [[Elizabethan]] actor and entrepreneur [[Edward Alleyn]]. He vested his wealth in a charitable foundation, the [[College of God's Gift]], established in 1619.<ref name=":0" /> The charity's modern successor, [[The Dulwich Estate]],<ref>{{EW charity|312751|The Dulwich Estate}}</ref> still owns {{convert|1500|acre|km2}} in the area, including a number of private roads and a tollgate. As part of the foundation, Alleyn also constructed a school, the [[Christ's Chapel of God's Gift|Christ's Chapel]]<ref>{{EW charity|1057970|Christ's Chapel of God's Gift at Dulwich}}</ref> (where Alleyn is buried) and [[alms house]]s in Dulwich (today the Dulwich Almshouse Charity).<ref>{{EW charity|207167|Dulwich Almshouse Charity}}</ref> Alleyn's original school building is no longer used for that purpose, instead now housing the Estate's Governors.

[[File:Dulwich College, College Road, Dulwich. - geograph.org.uk - 58443.jpg|thumb|left|[[Dulwich College]]]]

In the 17th century, King [[Charles I of England]] visited [[Dulwich Wood]]s on a regular basis to hunt. In 1738, a man named Samuel Bentyman was murdered in Dulwich Woods.<ref name="British History">{{cite book |author=Edward Walford |title=Old and New London |volume=6 |year=1878 |chapter=Chapter XXII 'Peckham and Dulwich' |chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45282 |pages=286–303 |publisher=British History Online |access-date=19 April 2008}}</ref> On 5 August 1677 [[John Evelyn]] writes that he took the waters at Dulwich. The Dulwich waters were cried about in the streets of London as far back as 1678. In 1739, Mr. Cox, master of the Green Man, a [[tavern]] situated about a mile south of the village of Dulwich, sunk a well for his family. The water was found to be possessed of [[purgative]] qualities, and was for some time used medicinally. While the water was popular much custom was drawn to the adjoining tavern, and its proprietor flourished.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45282 |title='Peckham and Dulwich', Old and New London: Volume 6 (1878), pp. 286–303 |publisher=British-history.ac.uk |date=22 June 2003 |access-date=3 May 2010}}</ref> The oak-lined formal avenue, known as Cox's Walk, leading from the junction of Dulwich Common and [[Lordship Lane (Dulwich)|Lordship Lane]] was cut soon after 1732<ref>{{Cite book | last=Hall | first=Edwin | title=Dulwich History and Romance 2nd Edition | publisher=Bickers and Sons | year=1922 | page=46 | url=https://archive.org/stream/dulwichhistoryro00hall#page/46/mode/2up }}</ref> by Francis Cox to connect his establishment of the Green Man Tavern and Dulwich Wells with the more popular [[Sydenham Wells Park|Sydenham Wells]].<ref>From the Nun's Head to the Screaming Alice by Mathew Frith, The Friends of the Great North Wood, 1995</ref>

By 1815 the Green Man had become a school known as [[William Glennie|Dr. Glennie]]'s academy in Dulwich Grove, although it was demolished about ten years later. Among the pupils here there were a few who became well known, [[Lord Byron]], [[John Le Marchant (British Army cavalry officer)|General Le Marchant]] and [[Captain Barclay]]. Dr Glennie held Saturday evening concerts which attracted visitors from outside the family circle, such as the poet [[Thomas Campbell (poet)|Thomas Campbell]], then living in nearby [[Sydenham, London|Sydenham]], and [[Robert Barker (painter)|Robert Barker]], inventor of the [[panorama]]. Following the closure of the school, the building reverted to its original use and was known as the Grove Tavern. The building has now been boarded up and neglected for many years by owners the Dulwich Estate. In 1803, Samuel Matthews – known as the "[[Dulwich Hermit]]" – was also murdered in Dulwich Woods; he was buried in Dulwich Old Cemetery.<ref name="British History" /> 1811–1814 saw the building of the [[Dulwich Picture Gallery]].

[[File:Dulwich Picture Gallery exterior.jpg|thumb|left|[[Dulwich Picture Gallery]]]]

The school founded by Alleyn expanded in 1842 into a small new building, designed by [[Sir Charles Barry]] who designed [[Westminster Palace]], known as the Old Grammar School next to the Old College. In 1857, the foundation was restructured as part of a nationwide review of educational foundations; this resulted in a significant expansion of the school, which was split into an Upper School (later [[Dulwich College]]) which moved into new buildings designed by [[Charles Barry (junior)]] in 1870, and a Lower School (later [[Alleyn's School]]) which moved to its present day site in Townley Road in 1887.

By 1901, the population had grown to 10,247 from a smaller population of 1,632 in 1851 due to the development of railway networks and a growth in housing for the middle and working classes.<ref name=":0" /> In the [[Second World War]], Dulwich was hit by many [[V-1 (flying bomb)|V-1]] flying bombs and [[V-2 rocket]]s. A possible explanation for this is that the British military when announcing V-1 and V-2 explosions deliberately gave map co-ordinates four miles north of the truth in an attempt to protect densely populated central London and focus the drops on the open spaces in the suburbs instead.