Editing Dubbing (section)

==Origins==
Films, [[video]]s, and sometimes [[video game]]s are dubbed into the local [[language]] of a foreign market. In foreign distribution, dubbing is common in theatrically released films, [[television films]], [[television series]], [[cartoon]]s, [[anime]] and [[telenovela]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vivarelli|first=Nick|date=August 2007|title=H'W'D OVERSEAS: DUB & DUBBER|journal=Variety|volume=407|via=ProQuest}}</ref>

In many countries, dubbing was adopted, at least in part, for political reasons. In authoritarian states such as [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Fascist Italy]] and [[Francoist Spain]], dubbing could be used to enforce particular ideological agendas, excising negative references to the nation and its leaders and promoting standardized national languages at the expense of local dialects and minority languages. In [[Allied-occupied Germany|post-Nazi Germany]], dubbing was used to downplay events in the country's recent past, as in the case of the dub of [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[Notorious (1946 film)|Notorious]]'', where the Nazi organization upon which the film's plot centers was changed to a drug smuggling enterprise.<ref name=salon>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2021/07/25/the-political-history-of-dubbing-in-films_partner/ |title=The political history of dubbing in films |last=Pollard |first=Damien |date=25 July 2021 |website=[[salon.com]] |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> The first post-[[WWII]] movie dub was ''Konstantin Zaslonov'' (1949) dubbed from Russian into the [[Czech language]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Retro (tv show) - Dubbing in Czechoslovakia|url=https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/10176269182-retro/211411000360008/|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>

In [[Western Europe]] after [[World War II]], dubbing was attractive to many film producers as it helped to enable [[Co-production (media)|co-production]] between companies in different countries, in turn allowing them to pool resources and benefit from [[Film finance#Public sources|financial support]] from multiple governments. The use of dubbing meant that multi-national casts could be assembled and were able to use their preferred language for their performances, with appropriate post-production dubs being carried out before distributing versions of the film.<ref name="salon" />