Editing Drenthe (section)

==History==
[[File:D49 is gedeeltelijk overdekt door een dekheuvel.jpg|thumb|left|[[Papeloze Kerk]], a [[dolmen]] (''hunebed'') near [[Schoonoord, Coevorden|Schoonoord]]]]
[[File:Netherlands, Province of Drenthe, map of 1866.PNG|thumb|left|Map of Drenthe, 1866]]

The name Drenthe is said to stem from Germanic ''thrija hantja'' meaning "three lands".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Everett-Heath |first1=John |title=The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199580897.001.0001/acref-9780199580897-e-1912 |access-date=25 January 2025 |language=en |chapter=Drenthe}}</ref>

Drenthe has been populated by people since prehistory. Artifacts from the [[Wolstonian Stage]] (150,000 years ago) are among the oldest found in the Netherlands. In fact, it was one of the most densely populated areas of the Netherlands until the Bronze Age. The most tangible evidence of this are the [[dolmen]]s (''[[hunebed]]den'') built around 3500 BC. 53 of the 54 dolmens in the Netherlands can be found in Drenthe, concentrated in the northeast of the province. In 2006, the archaeological reserve of [[Strubben-Kniphorstbos]], located between [[Anloo]] and [[Schipborg]], was created to preserve part of this heritage.

Most of the Bronze Age objects found in the Netherlands have been found in Drenthe.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} One item shows that trading networks during this period extended a far distance. Large bronze ''situlae'' (buckets) found in Drenthe were manufactured somewhere in eastern France or in [[Switzerland]]. They were used for mixing wine with water (a Roman/Greek custom). The many finds in Drenthe of rare and valuable objects, such as tin-bead necklaces, suggest that Drenthe was a trading centre in the Netherlands in the Bronze Age.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Drenthe was first mentioned in a document from 820, it was called ''Pago Treanth'' (Drenthe district). In archives from ''Het Utrechts Archief'', from 1024 to 1025, the "county Drenthe" is mentioned, when Emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] gave it to Bishop [[Adalbold II of Utrecht]]. Subjugation of this region into the [[Holy Roman Empire]] culminated in the [[Drenther Crusade]] launched by the [[Papacy]] around 1228-1232.<ref name="crusade">{{cite encyclopedia |first=Christoph T. |last=Maier |title=Drenthe Crusade (1228–1232) |encyclopedia=The Crusades: An Encyclopedia |editor=A. V. Murray |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2006 |volume=4 vols |at=vol. 2, p. 365}}</ref>

After long being subject to the [[Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)|Utrecht diocese]], Bishop [[Henry of the Palatinate (bishop)|Henry of Wittelsbach]] in 1528 ceded Drenthe to Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V of Habsburg]], who incorporated it into the [[Habsburg Netherlands]]. When the [[Dutch Republic|Republic of the Seven United Provinces]] was declared in 1581, Drenthe became part of it as the [[County of Drenthe]], although it never gained full provincial status due to its poverty; the province was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. The successor [[Batavian Republic]] granted it provincial status on 1 January 1796.

Shortly before the outbreak of the [[Second World War]], the Dutch government built a camp near the town of [[Hooghalen]] to intern German Jewish refugees. During the [[Second World War]], the German occupiers used the camp (which they named [[Westerbork transit camp|KZ Westerbork]]) as a ''[[Durchgangslager]]'' (transit camp). Many Dutch Jews, [[Sinti]], [[Romani people|Roma]], resistance combatants and political adversaries were imprisoned before being transferred to [[Nazi concentration camp|concentration]] and [[extermination camp]]s in Germany and occupied Poland. [[Anne Frank]] was deported on the last train leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944.

In the 1970s, there were four [[Hostage crisis|hostage crises]] where [[Republic of South Maluku|South Moluccan]] terrorists demanded an independent [[Republic of South Maluku]]. They held hostages in hijacked trains in [[1975 Dutch train hijacking|1975]]<ref>{{in lang|nl}} Marianne van Exel, [http://www.isgeschiedenis.nl/toen/december/molukse_treinkaping_bij_wijster/ Molukse treinkaping bij Wijster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223223853/http://www.isgeschiedenis.nl/toen/december/molukse_treinkaping_bij_wijster/ |date=23 December 2013 }}, ''IS Geschiedenis'', 2011. Retrieved on 8 April 2014.</ref> and [[1977 Dutch train hijacking|1977]],<ref name="hostages1977">{{in lang|nl}} Marnix Koolhaas, [http://www.geschiedenis24.nl/nieuws/2007/mei/Herdenking-Molukse-treinkaping-1977.html Herdenking Molukse treinkaping 1977], ''Geschiedenis 24'', 2007. Retrieved on 8 April 2014.</ref> in a [[1977 Dutch school hostage crisis|primary school in 1977]],<ref name="hostages1977"/> and in the [[1978 Dutch province hall hostage crisis|province hall in 1978]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.geschiedenis24.nl/andere-tijden/afleveringen/2000-2001/Molukse-gijzeling-in-Assen.html Molukse gijzeling in Assen], ''Geschiedenis 24'', 2000. Retrieved on 8 April 2014.</ref>