Editing Dordogne (section)

==History==
{{more citations needed section|date=May 2013}}
The county of [[Périgord]] dates back to when the area was inhabited by ancient celtic [[Gauls|Gaulish tribes]]. It was originally home to four tribes, and since "four tribes" in the [[Gaulish|Gaulish language]] is "Petrocore", the area eventually became known as the county of Le Périgord. Its inhabitants became known as the Périgordins (or Périgourdins), and there are four Périgords in the Dordogne.
* Périgord Vert (Green Périgord), with its main town of [[Nontron]], consists of verdant valleys in a region crossed by many rivers and streams.
* Périgord Blanc (White Périgord), situated around the department's capital of [[Périgueux]], is a region of [[limestone]] plateaux, wide valleys, and meadows.
* Périgord Pourpre (Purple Périgord) with its capital of [[Bergerac, Dordogne|Bergerac]], is a [[wine]] region.
* Périgord Noir ([[Périgord noir|Black Périgord]]) surrounding the administrative center of [[Sarlat]], overlooks the valleys of the [[Vézère]] and the Dordogne, and takes its name from the nearby oak and pine forests.

[[File:Stcypriendordogne.jpg|thumb|left]]
[[File:Dordogne 2.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The river [[Dordogne (river)|Dordogne]] near [[Castelnaud-la-Chapelle]]]]
The Petrocores took part in the resistance against the Roman occupation of France. Concentrated in a few major sites are the vestiges of the Gallo-Roman period – the gigantic ruined tower and arenas in Périgueux (formerly Vesone), the Périgord museum's archaeological collections, villa remains in [[Montcaret]], and the Roman tower of La Rigale Castle in [[Villetoureix]]. The earliest ''cluzeaux'' (artificial caves either above or below ground) can be found throughout the Dordogne. These subterranean refuges and lookout huts were large enough to shelter entire local populations. According to [[Julius Caesar]], the [[Gauls]] took refuge in these caves during the resistance.

After [[Guienne]] province was transferred to the English Crown under the [[House of Plantagenet|Plantagenets]] following the remarriage of [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] in 1152, Perigord was transferred to English suzerainty. Being situated at the boundaries of influence of the monarchies of France and England, it oscillated between the two dynasties for more than three hundred years of struggle until the end of the [[Hundred Years' War]] in 1453.  The county was torn apart, which modeled its physiognomy.

During the calmer periods of the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the Castillon plain on the banks of the Dordogne saw developments in urban architecture. Fine Gothic and Renaissance residences were constructed in Périgueux, Bergerac, and Sarlat. In the countryside, the nobility erected the majority of more than 1200 chateaux, manors and country houses. In the second half of the 16th century, however, as war waged in the region, attacks, pillaging, and fires of the [[Wars of Religion (France)|Wars of Religion]] reached a pinnacle of violence, which was partly focused on Périgord. At the time, [[Bergerac, Dordogne|Bergerac]] was one of the most powerful [[Huguenots|Huguenot]] strongholds, along with [[La Rochelle]]. Following these wars, Périgord, fief of Henry of Navarre, was to return to the Crown for good and would continue to suffer from the various political changes of the French nation, from the Revolution to the dark days of the [[French Resistance]].

Associated with the region are several important literary figures: [[Arnaut Daniel]], [[Bertran de Born]], [[Michel de Montaigne]], [[Étienne de La Boétie]], [[Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme|Brantôme]], [[Fenelon]], [[Maine de Biran]], Eugene Le Roy, and [[André Maurois]]; as well as [[Talleyrand]], [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry|Saint-Exupéry]] and [[Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron|Biron]].

In addition to its castles, chateaux, churches, [[bastide]]s, and cave fortresses, the Périgord region has preserved a number of ancient villages which retain their market halls, dovecotes, bories (stone huts), and abbeys. [[Saint-Léon-sur-Vézère]], [[Connezac]], [[Saint-Jean-de-Côle]], [[La Roque-Gageac]], and many others contain important and visually interesting architectural examples. The old quarters of Périgueux or Bergerac have been restored and developed into pedestrian areas. A number of small towns, such as [[Brantôme, Dordogne|Brantôme]], [[Issigeac]], [[Eymet]] and [[Mareuil, Dordogne|Mareuil]], have withstood the changes of modern times. A special mention should be made in this respect to [[Sarlat]] and its Black Périgord area.

Dordogne is one of the original 83 departments created on 4 March 1790 during the [[French Revolution]]. It was created from the [[Provinces of France|former province]] of [[Périgord]], the [[county of Périgord]]. Its borders continued to change over subsequent decades.

:In 1793 the communes of [[Boisseuilh]], [[Coubjours]], [[Génis]], [[Payzac, Dordogne|Payzac]], [[Saint-Cyr-les-Champagnes]], [[Saint-Mesmin, Dordogne|Saint-Mesmin]], [[Salagnac]], [[Savignac-Lédrier|Savignac]], [[Sainte-Trie|Saint-Trié]] and [[Teillots]] were transferred from [[Corrèze]] to Dordogne.
:In 1794 Dordogne ceded [[Cavarc]] to [[Lot-et-Garonne]]. Later in 1794 (albeit during the subsequent year under the [[French Republican Calendar|Republican Calendar]] in use at the time), Dordogne gained [[Parcoul]] from [[Charente-Maritime|Charente-Inférieure]].
:Following the restoration, in 1819, the commune of Bonrepos was suppressed and merged with the adjacent commune of [[Souillac, Lot|Souillac]] in [[Lot (department)|Lot]].
In 1870 the region was witness to the tragic [[The Hautefaye case|Hautefaye incident]], which occurred shortly after France's declaration of war against [[Prussia]]. A young aristocrat named Alain de Monéys was brutally tortured and then burned alive, by a crowd of between 300 and 800 people on 16 August in a public square in the village of [[Hautefaye]] in the north-west region of the department. Details of the incident are gruesome, but remain unclear: the leading participants appear to have been drunk. Additionally, since the incident occurred prior to the introduction of mass education, most of the witnesses would have been unable (and possibly unwilling) to write down what they had seen. But at some stage the victim died, and following a trial four individuals identified as culpable were in turn condemned to die by [[guillotine]]. The sentence was carried out in the same public square on 13 February 1885.

It was suggested that the victim had reported some (bad) news regarding the ongoing war in a way that implied support for the enemy, although subsequently it became clear that his patriotic credentials were beyond reproach. It was also suggested that the mob had been antagonized when he called out, "Vive la République!" (Long live the republic) at a time when the patriotic villagers valued the [[Second French Empire|imperial regime]], which Parisian revolutionaries were in the process of destroying. This incident has been studied by historian Alain Corbin,<ref>Corbin Alain, Le village des "cannibales", Paris, Aubier, 1990, 204 p.</ref> among others.