Editing Donald Rumsfeld (section)

==Early life and education==
[[File:Rumsfeld1954 princeton yearbook.jpg|thumb|left|upright|120px|Rumsfeld's 1954 yearbook portrait from [[Princeton University|Princeton]]]]

Donald Henry Rumsfeld was born at [[St. Luke's Hospital (Chicago, Illinois)|St. Lukes Hospital]] on July 9, 1932, in [[Chicago]], Illinois, the son of Jeannette Kearsley (née Husted) and George Donald Rumsfeld.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.rumsfeld.com/doclib/sp/83/1946-01-11%20Autobiography%20%28II-304%29.pdf |title=My autobiography |first=Donald |last=Rumsfeld |date=January 11, 1946 |access-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116131344/http://library.rumsfeld.com/doclib/sp/83/1946-01-11%20Autobiography%20%28II-304%29.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> His father came from a [[German Americans|German]] family that had emigrated in the 1870s from [[Weyhe]] in [[Lower Saxony]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Rumsfeld|title=Donald Rumsfeld &#124; Biography & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=October 25, 2019|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018104841/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Rumsfeld|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.germany.travel/en/ms/german-originality/heritage/famous-people/politics/donald-henry-rumsfeld-politician.html |title=Donald Henry Rumsfeld |archive-date=March 16, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316195127/http://www.germany.travel/en/ms/german-originality/heritage/famous-people/politics/donald-henry-rumsfeld-politician.html}}</ref><ref name="own rules">{{cite book|title=By His Own Rules: The Ambitions, Successes, and Ultimate Failures of Donald Rumsfeld|author=Bradley Graham|publisher=[[PublicAffairs]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-58648-421-7}}</ref>{{rp|15–16}} but young Donald was sometimes ribbed about looking like a "tough Swiss".<ref name="own rules" />{{rp|16 and 31}} Growing up in [[Winnetka, Illinois]], Rumsfeld became an [[Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)|Eagle Scout]] in 1949 and was the recipient of both the [[Distinguished Eagle Scout Award]] from the [[Boy Scouts of America]]<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Speakers Highlight Scouting's Core Values |author=Jon C. Halter |magazine=[[Scouting (magazine)|Scouting]] |volume=94 |issue=4 |page=35 |url=https://scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0609/a-chrt.html |date=September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629125741/http://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0609/a-chrt.html |archive-date=June 29, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> and its [[Silver Buffalo Award]] in 2006. Living in Winnetka, his family attended a [[Congregational church]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realclearreligion.org/articles/2013/08/05/donald_rumsfelds_golden_rule.html |author=Nicholas G. Hahn III |title=Donald Rumsfeld's Golden Rule |publisher=Real Clear Religion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806172610/http://www.realclearreligion.org/articles/2013/08/05/donald_rumsfelds_golden_rule.html |archive-date=August 6, 2013 |url-status=live |date=August 5, 2013}}</ref> From 1943 to 1945, Rumsfeld lived in [[Coronado, California]], while his father was stationed on an aircraft carrier in the Pacific in World War II.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Larson |url=https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3771 |title=Radio Interview with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on KOGO Radio San Diego with Mark Larson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302023659/http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=3771 |archive-date=March 2, 2010 |url-status=dead |publisher=[[KOGO (AM)|KOGO]] |via=defense.gov |access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref> He was a ranger at [[Philmont Scout Ranch]] in 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3119 |title=Secretary Rumsfeld's Remarks at the White House Conference on Cooperative Conservation |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]] |date=August 29, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002093420/http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=3119 |archive-date=October 2, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Rumsfeld attended Baker Demonstration School,<ref name="Litlovers.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.litlovers.com/reading-guides/13-fiction/8453-know-and-unknown-rumsfeld?start=1 |title=Known and Unknown – Donald Rumsfeld – Author Biography |publisher=Litlovers.com |access-date=April 17, 2017 |archive-date=June 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624202025/http://www.litlovers.com/reading-guides/13-fiction/8453-know-and-unknown-rumsfeld?start=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> and later graduated<ref>{{cite web|last=Habermehl |first=Kris |date=January 25, 2007 |title=Fire Breaks Out at Prestigious High School |url=http://cbs2chicago.com/local/New.Trier.High.2.334860.html |access-date=June 28, 2008 |archive-date=April 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420212959/http://cbs2chicago.com/local/New.Trier.High.2.334860.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> from [[New Trier High School]] where he excelled academically as well as in sports. In the band, the young Rumsfeld played [[drums]] and also excelled at [[saxophone]]. He attended Princeton University on academic and [[Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps|NROTC]] partial scholarships. He graduated in 1954 with an [[Bachelor of Arts|A.B.]] <!-- Princeton University uses the Latin form: Artium Baccalaureus -->in [[political science|politics]] after completing a senior thesis titled "[[The steel seizure case|The Steel Seizure Case of 1952]] and Its Effects on Presidential Powers".<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Rumsfeld |first=Donald Henry |degree=Senior |publisher=Princeton University Department of Politics |title=The Steel Seizure Case of 1952 and Its Effects on Presidential Powers |url=https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/dsp01n870zs64f |language=en |access-date=June 30, 2021 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127113856/https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/dsp01n870zs64f |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://libweb5.princeton.edu/theses/thesesid.asp?ID=31175 |title=Princeton University Senior Theses Full Record: Donald Henry Rumsfeld |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013201712/http://libweb5.princeton.edu/theses/thesesid.asp?ID=31175 |archive-date=October 13, 2007}}</ref> During his time at Princeton, he was an accomplished amateur wrestler, becoming captain of the varsity wrestling team, and captain of the [[Lightweight Football]] team playing [[defensive back]]. While at Princeton he was friends with another future Secretary of Defense, [[Frank Carlucci]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shenon |first1=Philip |title=Frank Carlucci: The Shrewdly Low-Key Defense Secretary |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/12/30/frank-carlucci-obituary-defense-secretary-223162/ |access-date=June 30, 2021 |work=Politico |date=December 30, 2018 |ref=Politico Shenon |quote=...Carlucci came to Washington and found himself in the company of old friends, including former Princeton roommate Donald Rumsfeld, Ford's White House chief of staff and later his defense secretary. |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031120759/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/12/30/frank-carlucci-obituary-defense-secretary-223162 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Rumsfeld married Joyce P. Pierson on December 27, 1954. They had three children, six grandchildren, and one great-grandchild. He attended [[Case Western Reserve University School of Law]] and the [[Georgetown University Law Center]], but did not take a degree from either institution.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/state-of-the-union/donald-rumsfeld-nixon-republican-turned-iraq-war-salesman-dead-at-88/ |title=Donald Rumsfeld, Nixon Republican Turned Iraq War Salesman, Dead At 88 |date=June 30, 2021 |last=Mills |first=Curt |website=[[The American Conservative]] |access-date=July 5, 2021 |archive-date=July 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702130010/https://www.theamericanconservative.com/state-of-the-union/donald-rumsfeld-nixon-republican-turned-iraq-war-salesman-dead-at-88/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Naval service ===
[[File:U.S. Navy Lieutenant Donald Rumsfeld.jpg|thumb|Rumsfeld (right, standing) as a Navy lieutenant in 1955]]

Rumsfeld served in the [[United States Navy]] from 1954 to 1957, as a [[United States Naval Aviator|naval aviator]] and [[flight instructor]]. His initial training was in the [[North American Aviation|North American]] [[T-6 Texan|SNJ Texan]] basic trainer after which he transitioned to the [[North American T-28 Trojan|T-28]] advanced trainer. In 1957, he transferred to the [[United States Navy Reserve|Naval Reserve]] and continued his naval service in flying and administrative assignments as a drilling reservist. On July 1, 1958, he was assigned to Anti-submarine Squadron 662 at [[Naval Air Station Anacostia]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], as a selective reservist.<ref name="airforcetimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.airforcetimes.com/legacy/new/0-AIRPAPER-1610997.php|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722191209/http://www.airforcetimes.com/legacy/new/0-AIRPAPER-1610997.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 22, 2012|title=Rumsfeld revealed: Secretary's Navy career spanned 35 years |work=[[Air Force Times]]}}</ref> Rumsfeld was designated aircraft commander of Anti-submarine Squadron 731 on October 1, 1960, at [[Naval Air Station Grosse Ile]], Michigan, where he flew the [[S2F Tracker]].<ref name="airforcetimes.com" /> He transferred to the [[Individual Ready Reserve]] when he became Secretary of Defense in 1975 and retired with the rank of [[Captain (United States O-6)|captain]] in 1989.<ref name="defenselink1">{{cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/secdef_histories/bios/rumsfeld.htm |title=DefenseLink's Rumsfeld Biography |archive-date=July 7, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707060729/http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/secdef_histories/bios/rumsfeld.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>