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==History== === Antiquity === In the [[Tomb of Hunting and Fishing]] there is a wall painting from around 530 - 500 BCE<ref name=holl>{{cite journal|last=Holloway|first=R. Ross|title=Conventions of Etruscan Painting in the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing at Tarquinii|journal=American Journal of Archaeology|year=1965|volume=69|issue=4|pages=341–347|doi=10.2307/502183 |jstor=502183}}</ref><ref name=jans>{{cite book|last1=Janson|first1=Horst Woldemar|last2=Janson|first2=Anthony F.|title=History of Art: The Western Tradition|year=2004|publisher=Prentice Hall|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey|isbn=978-0-13-182895-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofart00hwja/page/169 169]–170|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofart00hwja|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name=klei>{{cite book|last=S. Kleiner|first=Fred|title=Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History|year=2011|publisher=Cengage Learning|location=Boston, Massachusetts|isbn=978-1-4390-8578-3|page=230|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1CRuET2CP8C&pg=PA230|volume=1}}</ref><ref name=stei>{{cite book|last=Steingräber|first=Stephan|title=Abundance of Life: Etruscan Wall Painting|year=2006|publisher=Getty Publications|location=Los Angeles, California|isbn=978-0-89236-865-5|pages=95–96|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K25ydBTGhbkC&pg=PA95}}</ref> that shows a person climbing rocks towards a cliff face and a second person diving down the cliff face towards water.<ref name="2017 Diving injuries">{{cite journal |url=https://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/fulltext/2017/09000/competitive_diving_principles_and_injuries.17.aspx |title=Competitive Diving Principles and Injuries |author=Nathaniel S. Jones |date=2017 |journal=Current Sports Medicine Reports |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=351–356 |publisher=American College of Sports Medicine |doi=10.1249/JSR.0000000000000401 |pmid=28902759 |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref> The [[Tomb of the Diver]] in [[Paestum]], contains a fresco dating to around 500 to 475 BCE<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Alberghina|first=Maria Francesca|date=24 April 2020|title=The Tomb of the Diver and the frescoed tombs in Paestum (southern Italy): New insights from a comparative archaeometric study|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=15|issue=4|pages=e0232375|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0232375|pmid=32330186|pmc=7182217|bibcode=2020PLoSO..1532375A|doi-access=free}}</ref> that also shows a scene of a person diving into a pool or stream of water<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=40024548 |last1=Holloway |first1=R. Ross |title=The Tomb of the Diver |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |date=2006 |volume=110 |issue=3|doi=10.3764/aja.110.3.365|page=371 }}</ref> from a structure. <gallery mode="packed" widths="180" heights="180"> Tomb of hunting and fishing, Monterozzi necropolis, Tarquinia, Italy.jpg|Fresco. Tomb of Hunting and Fishing. Monterozzi necropolis, Tarquinia, Italy. Around 530 - 500 BCE The Tomb of the Diver - Paestum - Italy.JPG|Fresco. Tomb of the Diver. Paestum, Italy. 470 BCE </gallery> ===Plunging=== [[File:The Plunge Sinclair 1893.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Plunging, the first competitive diving sport]] Although diving has been a popular pastime across the world since ancient times, the first modern diving competitions were held in [[England]] in the 1880s. The exact origins of the sport are unclear, though it likely derives from the act of diving at the start of [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]] races.<ref name="1877starts">Wilson, William. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jUYCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA60 The swimming instructor], pp. 60–64 (1883)</ref><ref name="howtogetin">(2 August 1845). [https://books.google.com/books?id=I3AXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA245 Swimming – Section III – How To Go Into The Water – Plunging], ''The Sportsman's magazine''</ref> In the seventeenth century gymnasts moved their equipment to the beaches and "performed acrobatics over the water."<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278591905701459 |title=The basics of competitive diving and its injuries |author=B D Rubin |date=April 1999 |publisher=Elsevier|journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=18 |issue=2 |access-date=29 May 2024 |pages=293–303|doi=10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70145-9 |pmid=10230565 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240529141808/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278591905701459 |archive-date=29 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> The 1904 book ''Swimming'' by Ralph Thomas notes English reports of plunging records dating back to at least 1865.<ref>Thomas, Ralph. [https://archive.org/details/swimmingwithlis01thomgoog/page/n158 <!-- pg=149 --> Swimming], pp. 149–50 (1904)</ref> The 1877 edition to ''British Rural Sports'' by [[John Henry Walsh]] makes note of a "Mr. Young" plunging {{convert|56|ft|m}} in 1870, and also states that 25 years prior, a swimmer named Drake could cover {{convert|53|ft|m}}.<ref name="walsh1">[[John Henry Walsh|Walsh, John Henry]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZMXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA720 British rural sports], pp. 720–21 (13th ed. 1877)</ref> The English [[Amateur Swimming Association]] (at the time called the Swimming Association of Great Britain) first started a "[[Plunge for distance|plunging championship]]" in 1883.<ref>Henry, William and Sinclair, Archibland. [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfgWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111 Swimming], p.110-19, 411 (1893)</ref><ref name="1883enc">Cox, Richard et al. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JWQTAQAAIAAJ&q=plunging+1883 Ref Encyclopedia of British sport], p. 111 (2000)</ref> The Plunging Championship was discontinued in 1937. ===Fancy diving=== [[File:Diving off a deck into the Great South Bay of Long Island.jpg|thumb|A man dives into the [[Great South Bay]] of [[Long Island]].|left]] Diving into a body of water had also been a method used by gymnasts in [[Germany]] and [[Sweden]] since the early 19th century. The soft landing allowed for more elaborate gymnastic feats in midair as the jump could be made from a greater height. This tradition evolved into 'fancy diving', while diving as a preliminary to swimming became known as 'Plain diving'. In [[England]], the practice of [[high diving]] – diving from a great height – gained popularity; the first diving stages were erected at the [[Highgate Ponds]] at a height of {{convert|15|ft|m}} in 1893 and the first world championship event, the National Graceful Diving Competition, was held there by the [[Royal Life Saving Society UK|Royal Life Saving Society]] in 1895. The event consisted of standing and running dives from either {{convert|15|or|30|ft|m}}. It was at this event that the Swedish tradition of fancy diving was introduced to the sport by the athletes [[Otto Hagborg]] and C F Mauritzi. They demonstrated their [[Acrobatics|acrobatic]] techniques from the 10 m diving board at Highgate Pond and stimulated the establishment of the [[Amateur Swimming Association|Amateur Diving Association]] in 1901, the first organisation devoted to diving in the world (later amalgamated with the Amateur Swimming Association). Fancy diving was formally introduced into the championship in 1903.<ref name="hoa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.metroatlantadivers.com/history_of_diving|title=History of Diving|access-date=17 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235056/http://www.metroatlantadivers.com/history_of_diving|archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.swimming.org/britishswimming/diving/a-history-of-diving/|title=A brief history of diving|access-date=17 December 2012}}</ref> ===Olympic era=== [[File:Diver2.jpg|thumb|Swedish high diver [[Arvid Spångberg]] at the [[1908 Olympic Games]] from the fourth Olympiad]] Plain diving was first introduced into the [[Olympics]] at the [[Diving at the 1904 Summer Olympics|1904 event]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Crego|first=Robert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCl1c2yy5ooC&q=diving+part+of+olympic+games&pg=PA137|title=Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries|date=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-31610-4|language=en}}</ref> The [[Diving at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908 Olympics in London]] added 'fancy diving' and introduced elastic boards rather than fixed platforms. Women were first allowed to participate in the diving events for the [[Diving at the 1912 Summer Olympics|1912 Olympics]] in [[Stockholm]].<ref name="hoa"/> In the 1928 Olympics, 'plain' and 'fancy' diving were amalgamated into one event – 'Highboard Diving'. The diving event was first held indoors in the [[Wembley Arena|Empire Pool]] for the [[1934 British Empire Games]] and [[1948 Summer Olympics]] in [[London]].
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