Editing Disc brake (section)

==Design==
[[File:suspension.jpg|thumb|upright|On automobiles, disc brakes are often located within the wheel]]
[[File:2009-02-10 2008 Yamaha FZ6 front rotor close-up.jpg|thumb|A drilled motorcycle brake disc]]

The development of disc-type brakes began in England in the 1890s. In 1902, the [[Lanchester Motor Company]] designed brakes that looked and operated similarly to a modern disc-brake system even though the disc was thin and a cable activated the brake pad.<ref name="hemmings1">{{cite web|last=Lentinello |first =Richard |title=The first car with disc brakes really was . . . |url= https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hsx/2011/04/The-first-car-with-disc-brakes-really-was------/3698201.html |work=Hemmings Sports & Exotic Car |date=April 2011 |access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> Other designs were not practical or widely available in cars for another 60 years. Successful application began in airplanes before World War II. The [[Tiger I|German Tiger]] tank was fitted with discs in 1942. After the war, technological progress began in 1949, with caliper-type four-wheel disc brakes on the [[Crosley]] line and a Chrysler non-caliper type. In the 1950s, there was a demonstration of superiority at the [[1953 24 Hours of Le Mans]] race, which required braking from high speeds several times per lap.<ref name="GiganticLeap"/> The [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]] racing team won, using disc brake-equipped cars, with much of the credit being given to the brakes' superior performance over rivals equipped with [[drum brake]]s.<ref name="GiganticLeap"/> Mass production began with the 1949–1950 inclusion in all Crosley production, with sustained mass production starting in 1955 [[Citroën DS]].<ref name="hemmings1"/>

Disc brakes offer better stopping performance than drum brakes because the disc is more readily cooled. Consequently, discs are less prone to the [[brake fade]] caused when brake components overheat. Disc brakes also recover more quickly from immersion (wet brakes are less effective than dry ones).<ref name="GiganticLeap"/>

Most drum brake designs have at least one leading shoe, which gives a [[Servomechanism|servo-effect]]. By contrast, a disc brake has no self-servo effect, and its braking force is always proportional to the pressure placed on the brake pad by the braking system via any brake servo, brake pedal, or lever. This tends to give the driver a better "feel" and helps to avoid impending lockup. Drums are also prone to "bell mouthing" and trap worn lining material within the assembly, causing various braking problems.{{Cn|date=August 2024}}

The disc is usually made of [[cast iron]]. In some cases, it may be made of composites such as [[reinforced carbon–carbon]] or [[ceramic matrix composite]]s. This is connected to the ''wheel'' and the ''axle''. To slow down the wheel, friction material in the form of [[brake pad]]s, mounted on the [[brake caliper]], is forced mechanically, [[hydraulic brake|hydraulically]], [[pneumatics|pneumatically]], or [[electromagnet]]ically against both sides of the disc. [[Friction]] causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop.