Editing Dipper (section)

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Cinclus'' was introduced by the German naturalist [[Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen]] in 1797 with the [[white-throated dipper]] (''Cinclus cinclus'') as the [[type species]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Borkhausen | first=Moritz Balthasar  | author-link=Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen | year=1797 | title=Deutsche Fauna, oder, Kurzgefasste Naturgeschichte der Thiere Deutschlands. Erster Theil, Saugthiere und Vögel | language=de | location=Frankfurt am Main | publisher=Varrentrapp und Wenner | page=300 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38962808 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1960 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=9 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology  | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | page=374 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14481049 }}</ref> The name ''cinclus'' is from the [[Ancient Greek]] word ''kinklos'' that was used to describe small tail-wagging birds that resided near water.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010 | title=Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | location=London | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | isbn= 978-1-4081-2501-4| page=107}}</ref>

''Cinclus'' is the only genus in the [[family (biology)|family]] Cinclidae. The white-throated dipper and American dipper are also known in Britain and America, respectively, as the ''water ouzel'' (sometimes spelt "ousel") – ouzel originally meant the only distantly related but superficially similar [[common blackbird|Eurasian blackbird]] ([[Old English language|Old English]] ''osle'').  Ouzel also survives as the name of a relative of the blackbird, the [[ring ouzel]].<ref>{{cite OED|ouzel}}</ref>

The genus contains five species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web | editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds | work=World Bird List Version 9.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/dippers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=9 February 2019 }}</ref>
*[[White-throated dipper]] or European dipper, ''Cinclus cinclus''
*[[Brown dipper]] ''Cinclus pallasii''
*[[American dipper]] ''Cinclus mexicanus''
*[[White-capped dipper]] ''Cinclus leucocephalus''
*[[Rufous-throated dipper]] ''Cinclus schulzii''

A 2002 [[molecular phylogenetic]] study of the dippers looked at the DNA sequences of two [[mitochondrial]] genes. It found that the Eurasian white-throated dipper and brown dipper are [[sister taxon|sister species]] as are the South American  white-capped dipper and rufous-throated dipper. The study also showed that the dipper family, Cinclidae, is most closely related to the [[thrush (bird)|thrush family]], Turdidae.<ref name=voelker>{{ cite journal | last=Voelker | first=Gary | year=2002 | title=Molecular phylogenetics and the historical biogeography of dippers (''Cinclus'') | journal=Ibis | volume=144 | issue=4 | pages=577–584 | doi=10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00084.x }}</ref>