Editing Diego Rivera (section)

==Personal life==
[[File:Frida Kahlo Diego Rivera 1932.jpg|thumbnail|left|upright|[[Frida Kahlo]] and Diego Rivera in 1932, photo by: [[Carl Van Vechten]]]]
[[File:Amedeo Modigliani 038.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Amedeo Modigliani]], ''Portrait of Diego Rivera'', 1914]]

Rivera was born on December 8, 1886, in [[Guanajuato]], [[Mexico]], to María del Pilar Barrientos and Diego Rivera Acosta, a well-to-do couple.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Marnham |first=Patrick |date=1998 |title=Dreaming With His Eyes Open, A Life of Diego Rivera |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/marnham-dreaming.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116095645/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/marnham-dreaming.html |archive-date=November 16, 2018 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> His twin brother Carlos died at the age of two.<ref>[http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Rivera-Diego.html#ixzz12GO9KaN6His online biography] Retrieved October 13, 2010</ref>

His mother María del Pilar Barrientos was said to have ''[[converso]]'' ancestry ([[Spanish and Portuguese Jews|Spanish ancestors]] who [[Forced conversion|were forced to convert]] from [[Judaism]] to [[Catholicism]] in the 15th and 16th centuries).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lipman |first=Jennifer |date=November 24, 2010 |title=On this day: Diego Rivera dies, November 24 1957: a portrait of an artist|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/on-day/41680/on-day-diego-rivera-dies |url-status=live |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jewish Chronicle |quote=His mother was a Converso, a Jew whose ancestors had been forced to convert to Catholicism. Although he was not raised as a Jew and later declared himself an atheist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221180335/http://thejc.com/news/on-day/41680/on-day-diego-rivera-dies |archive-date=December 21, 2010 }}</ref> Rivera wrote in 1935: "My Jewishness is the dominant element in my life", despite never being raised practicing any Jewish faith, Rivera felt that his Jewish ancestry informed his art and gave him "sympathy with the downtrodden masses".<ref>{{cite web |title=Mexico Virtual Jewish History Tour |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Mexico.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 20, 2012 |website=Jewish Virtual Library, A Project of Aice |publisher=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030123122210/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org:80/jsource/vjw/Mexico.html |archive-date=January 23, 2003 }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Diego was of Spanish, Amerindian, African, Italian, Jewish, Russian, and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese descent]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=A ascendência portuguesa de Diego Rivera {{!}} BUALA |url=https://www.buala.org/pt/cara-a-cara/a-ascendencia-portuguesa-de-diego-rivera |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.buala.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=O sangue português de Diego Rivera |date=September 12, 2018 |url=https://www.noticiasmagazine.pt/2018/sangue-portugues-diego-rivera/historias/231028/}}</ref>

Rivera began drawing at the age of three, a year after his twin brother died. When he was caught drawing on the walls of the house, his parents installed chalkboards and canvas on the walls to encourage him.

===Marriages and family===
After moving to [[Paris]], Rivera met [[Angelina Beloff]], an artist from the pre-Revolutionary Russian Empire. They married in 1911, and had a son, Diego (1916–1918), who died young. During that time, Rivera also had a relationship with painter [[Marie Vorobieff|Maria Vorobieff-Stebelska]], who gave birth to a daughter named [[Marika Rivera]] in 1918 or 1919.<ref>Angelina Beloff, ''Memorias''</ref>{{page needed |date=February 2010}}
[[File:Retrato de Anguelina Беловой.webp|thumb|Portrait of Angelina Beloff, 1918]]
Rivera divorced Beloff and married [[Guadalupe Marín]] as his second wife in June 1922, after having returned to Mexico. They had two daughters, [[Ruth Rivera Marín|Ruth]] and [[Guadalupe Rivera Marín|Guadalupe]].

[[File:Diego-rivera-en-Paris.jpg|thumb|right|200px|From left to right, top to bottom, Leon Caillou, Rivera, [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]], Magda Caillou, [[Angelina Beloff]], Graciela Amador in [[Paris]], 1920]]

He was still married when he met art student [[Frida Kahlo]] in Mexico. They began a passionate affair and, after he divorced Marín, Rivera married Kahlo on August 21, 1929. He was 42 and she was 22. Their mutual infidelities and his violent temper resulted in divorce in 1939, but they remarried December 8, 1940, in [[San Francisco]]. A year after Kahlo's death, on July 29, 1955, Rivera married Emma Hurtado, his agent since 1946. In his later years Rivera lived in the United States and Mexico. Rivera died on November 24, 1957, at the age of 70. He was buried at the [[Panteón de Dolores]] in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |title=Diego Rivera — Biography |url=http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/Diego_Rivera/biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214130344/http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/Diego_Rivera/biography.html |archive-date=December 14, 2007 |access-date=December 14, 2007 |publisher=artinthepicture.com}}</ref>

===Personal beliefs===
Rivera was an [[atheist]]. His mural ''Dreams of a Sunday in the Alameda'' depicted [[Ignacio Ramírez (politician)|Ignacio Ramírez]] holding a sign that read, "God does not exist". This work caused a furor, but Rivera refused to remove the inscription. The painting was not shown for nine years – until Rivera agreed to remove the inscription. He said, "To affirm 'God does not exist', I do not have to hide behind Don Ignacio Ramírez; I am an atheist and I consider religions to be a form of collective neurosis."<ref>{{cite book|first=Philip|last=Stein|title=Siqueiros: His Life and Works|publisher=International Publishers Co.|location=New York City|date=1994|isbn=0-7178-0706-1|page=176}}</ref>

===Art education and circle===
From the age of ten, Rivera studied art at the [[Academy of San Carlos]] in [[Mexico City]]. He was sponsored to continue study in Europe by [[Teodoro A. Dehesa Méndez]], the governor of the State of [[Veracruz]]. After arriving in Europe in 1907, Rivera first went to [[Madrid, Spain]] to study with Eduardo Chicharro.

From there he went to Paris, a destination for young European and American artists and writers, who settled in inexpensive flats in [[Montparnasse]]. His circle frequented [[La Ruche (residence)|La Ruche]], where his Italian friend [[Amedeo Modigliani]] painted his portrait in 1914.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/32357038@N08/3590825086/ |title=Modigliani, Amedeo - 1914 Portrait of Diego Rivera (Museo de Arte, Sao Paolo, Brazil) &#124; Flickr - Photo Sharing! |date=June 2, 2009 |publisher=Flickr |access-date=December 8, 2011}}</ref> His circle of close friends included [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], [[Chaïm Soutine]], Modigliani and his wife [[Jeanne Hébuterne]], [[Max Jacob]], gallery owner [[Léopold Zborowski]], and [[Moise Kisling]]. Rivera's former lover Marie Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna) honored the circle in her painting ''Homage to Friends from Montparnasse'' (1962).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/exhibitions/?id=140&year=2003&pic=4 |title=M. Marevna, 'Homage to Friends from Montparnasse', 1962, A private collection, Moscow |publisher=The State Russian Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011211113/http://rusmuseum.ru/eng/exhibitions/?id=140&year=2003&pic=4 |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |access-date=December 14, 2007}}</ref>

In those years, some prominent young painters were experimenting with an art form that would later be known as [[Cubism]], a movement led by [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Georges Braque]]. From 1913 to 1917, Rivera enthusiastically embraced this new style.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Millet, Francis Davis (1846-1912), artist and writer |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=February 2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online |doi = 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1700588}}</ref> Around 1917, inspired by [[Paul Cézanne]]'s paintings, Rivera shifted toward [[Post-Impressionism]], using simple forms and large patches of vivid colors. His paintings began to attract attention, and he was able to display them at several exhibitions.

Rivera claimed in his autobiography that, while in Mexico in 1904, he engaged in cannibalism, pooling his money with others to "purchase cadavers from the city morgue" and particularly "relish[ing] women's brains in vinaigrette".<ref>Rivera, Diego, ''My Art, My Life: An Autobiography'' (with Gladys March), New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1991, p. 20; originally published by The Citadel Press, New York, 1960.</ref><ref>[http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/98/12/20/reviews/981220.20kimmelt.html ''Sleeping With the Enemy'']</ref><ref>[http://www.diegorivera.com/?p=83 An experiment in cannibalism]</ref> This claim has been considered factually suspect<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6L7bToxDZL0C&q=%22diego+rivera%22&pg=PA209 Lewis F. Petrinovich, ''The Cannibal Within''], Transaction Publishers, 2000, {{ISBN|0202369501}}</ref> or an elaborate lie.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zZbqAAAAMAAJ&q=diego+rivera,+cannibalism Pete Hamill, ''Diego Rivera''], Harry N. Abrams, 1999, {{ISBN|0810932342}}</ref> He wrote in his autobiography:<!-- name and publication date, page --> "I believe that when man evolves a civilization higher than the mechanized but still primitive one he has now, the eating of human flesh will be sanctioned. For then man will have thrown off all of his superstitions and irrational taboos."<ref>Rivera, Diego, ''My Art, My Life: An Autobiography'' (with Gladys March), 1991, p. 21.</ref>