Editing Dictum of Kenilworth (section)

==Background==
At the [[Battle of Lewes]] in 1264, the rebellious barons, led by [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]], had defeated the royal army and taken King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] captive.<ref>Prestwich (1988), pp. 45&ndash;6.</ref> For the next year, the reins of government were in Montfort's hands, but his support soon began to crumble.<ref>Prestwich (2005), pp. 115&ndash;6</ref> On 4 August 1265, Montfort faced an army led by Prince Edward (later King [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]) and the powerful [[Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford|Earl of Gloucester]], who had recently defected to the royalist side, at the [[Battle of Evesham]].<ref>Maddicott (1994), pp. 327&ndash;9.</ref> The battle resulted in a complete royal victory; Montfort was killed, and King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] was restored to full power.<ref>Prestwich (2005), pp. 116&ndash;7.</ref>

Part of the rebellious forces held out, however, and their stronghold was the virtually impregnable [[Kenilworth Castle]].<ref>Prestwich (1988), pp. 52&ndash;3.</ref> In the summer of 1266, a siege of the castle was initiated, but the effort proved futile.<ref>Powicke (1947), pp. 531&ndash;2.</ref> There were rumours that Montfort's son [[Simon de Montfort the Younger|Simon the Younger]] was planning an invasion of England from [[Normandy]], and this was the hope that the rebels hung on to.<ref>Powicke (1953), p. 208.</ref> It was in this situation that the papal legate [[Pope Adrian V|Ottobuono Fieschi]] exerted his influence, to make the king pursue a more conciliatory policy.<ref>Ottobuono later became pope, as [[Pope Adrian V|Adrian V]]; Powicke (1947), pp. 526&ndash;8.</ref> In August, the king summoned a parliament at [[Kenilworth]], where the siege was ongoing.<ref name="Powicke 1947, p. 532">Powicke (1947), p. 532.</ref> He commissioned a number of earls, barons and bishops to draft a treaty of reconciliation.<ref>Powicke (1953), p. 209.</ref>