Editing Demographics of the Philippines (section)

==Population history==
[[File:Historical population of the Philippines.svg|thumb|The historical population of the Philippines]]
[[File:Philippines Population Density Map.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Philippines population density Map per province as of 2009 per square kilometer:
{{legend|#F9E0D4|0–50}}
{{legend|#feC2a3|51–100}}
{{legend|#fe7733|101–200}}
{{legend|#fa5300|201–300}}
{{legend|#c44100|301–400}}
{{legend|#762700|401–800}}
{{legend|#000000|801–1600}}]]
The first census in the Philippines was in 1591, based on tributes collected. The tributes counted the total founding population of the Spanish-Philippines as 667,612 people.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pearson|first=M. N.|date=1969|title=The Spanish 'Impact' on the Philippines, 1565-1770|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3596057|journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|volume=12|issue=2|pages=165–186|doi=10.2307/3596057|jstor=3596057
| publisher= Brill
|issn=0022-4995|access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=May 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507033938/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3596057|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|177}}<ref>The Unlucky Country: The Republic of the Philippines in the 21st Century By Duncan Alexander McKenzie (page xii)</ref><ref>[https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2011PY_Demography.pdf Demography Philippine Yearbook 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024185935/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2011PY_Demography.pdf |date=October 24, 2021 }} Page 3</ref> 20,000 were Chinese migrant traders,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC |chapter=Chinese in Thailand |date=2005 |author=Bao Jiemin |pages=759–785 |title=Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures around the World, Volume 1 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-306-48321-9 |editor1=Carol R. Ember |editor2=Melvin Ember |editor3=Ian A. Skoggard |access-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-date=September 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927203729/https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC |url-status=live }}{{rp|751}}<!-- page number from book search linked in 2018 revision of this article does not fall within the page numbers of the chapter quoted in the table of contents --></ref> at different times: around 15,600 individuals were Latino soldier-colonists who were cumulatively sent from Peru and Mexico and they were shipped to the Philippines annually,<ref>Stephanie Mawson, 'Between Loyalty and Disobedience: The Limits of Spanish Domination in the Seventeenth Century Pacific' (Univ. of Sydney M.Phil. thesis, 2014), appendix 3.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 |url          = https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419
 |title        = Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth Century Pacific
 |first        = Stephanie J.
 |last         = Mawson
 |journal      = Past & Present
 |issue        = 232
 |date         = August 2016
 |pages        = 87–125
 |publisher    = Oxford Academic
 |doi          = 10.1093/pastj/gtw008
 |access-date  = July 24, 2021
 |archive-date = June 3, 2018
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180603111934/https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> 3,000 were Japanese residents,<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Japanese Christian |url=http://ph.pagenation.com/mnl/Paco_120.9997_14.5808.map |url-status=dead |location=Philippines |publisher=Google map of Paco district of Manila, Philippines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507124349/http://ph.pagenation.com/mnl/Paco_120.9997_14.5808.map |archive-date=May 7, 2010}}</ref> and 600 were pure Spaniards from Europe.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.uco.es/aaf/garcia-abasolo/files/63df3.pdf| title = Spanish Settlers in the Philippines (1571–1599) By Antonio Garcia-Abasalo| access-date = November 23, 2020| archive-date = January 17, 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210117225634/https://www.uco.es/aaf/garcia-abasolo/files/63df3.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref> There was a large but unknown number of [[Indian Filipinos|South Asian Filipinos]], as the majority of the slaves imported into the archipelago were from [[Bengal]] and India,<ref>[https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/333213/azu_etd_13473_sip1_m.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&title=repository.arizona.edu Peasants, Servants, and Sojourners: Itinerant Asians in Colonial New Spain, 1571-1720 By Furlong, Matthew J.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429034134/https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/333213/azu_etd_13473_sip1_m.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&title=repository.arizona.edu |date=April 29, 2022 }} "Slaves purchased by the indigenous elites, Spanish and Hokkiens of the colony seemed drawn most often from South Asia, particularly Bengal and South India, and less so, from other sources, such as East Africa, Brunei, Makassar, and Java..." Chapter 2 "Rural Ethnic Diversity" Page 164 (Translated from: "Inmaculada Alva Rodríguez, Vida municipal en Manila (siglos xvi-xvii) (Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1997), 31, 35-36."</ref> adding [[Dravidian language|Dravidian]] and [[Indo-Aryan language|Indo-Aryan]] speaking South Indians and [[Indo-European language|Indo-European]] speaking [[Bengalis]] into the ethnic mix.

The rest were [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesians]] and [[Negrito]]s. With 667,612 people, during this era, the Philippines was among the most sparsely populated lands in Asia. In contrast, Japan during that era (the 1500s) had [[Demographic history of Japan before Meiji Restoration#Population of Japan before Edo era|a population of 8 Million]] or Mexico had a population of 4 million, which was huge compared to the Philippine's 600,000. In 1600, the method of population counting was revamped by the Spanish officials, who then based the counting of the population through church records.

Stephanie J. Mawson, by rummaging through records in the archives of Mexico<ref name= "Mexicans" /> discovered that the Spaniards were not the only immigrant group to the Philippines; Peru and Mexico too sent soldiers to the islands,<ref name= "Mexicans" /> and in fact outnumbered the Spaniards who immigrated to the Philippines.<ref name= "Mexicans" />

{| class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" |Geographic distribution and year of settlement of the Latin-American immigrant soldiers assigned to the Philippines in the 1600s.<ref name= "Mexicans" >[https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson] AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r –428 v; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r –41 v .</ref>
|-
! '''Location'''
! 1603
! 1636
! 1642
! 1644
! 1654
! 1655
! 1670
! 1672
|-
|[[Manila]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|900
|446
|—
|407
|821
|799
|708
|667
|-
|[[Fort Santiago]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|—
|22
|—
|—
|50
|—
|86
|81
|-
|[[Cavite City|Cavite]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|—
|70
|—
|—
|89
|—
|225
|211
|-
|[[Cagayan]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|46
|80
|—
|—
|—
|—
|155
|155
|-
|[[Calamianes]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|73
|73
|-
|[[Caraga]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|—
|45
|—
|—
|—
|—
|81
|81
|-
|[[Cebu City|Cebu]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|86
|50
|—
|—
|—
|—
|135
|135
|-
|[[Taiwan|Formosa]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|—
|180
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|-
|[[Moluccas]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|80
|480
|507
|—
|389
|—
|—
|—
|-
|[[Iloilo City|Otón]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|66
|50
|—
|—
|—
|—
|169
|169
|-
|[[Zamboanga City|Zamboanga]]<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|—
|210
|—
|—
|184
|—
|—
|—
|-
|Other<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|255
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|-
|<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|-
|Total Reinforcements<ref name= "Mexicans" />
|'''1,533'''
|'''1,633'''
|'''2,067'''
|'''2,085'''
|'''n/a'''
|'''n/a'''
|'''1,632'''
|'''1,572'''
|-
|}

In 1798, the population of Luzon or Luconia was estimated to be around 600,000 with the other islands, unknown. 200,000 of the 600,000 population were of mixed-raced descent of either Spanish, Chinese or Latin-American admixture. 5,000 enlisted soldiers on that year, were of South American descent, while 2,500 were pure Spanish officers. There were 20,000 new Chinese immigrants.<ref name="fedor">{{Cite book |last=Jagor |first=Fedor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GydHYs7g6pYC |title=The Former Philippines Through Foreign Eyes |publisher=Echo Library |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4068-1542-9 |chapter=Part VI People and Prospects of the Philippines |display-authors=etal |chapter-url=http://www.authorama.com/former-philippines-b-8.html |access-date=August 9, 2018 |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075804/https://books.google.com/books?id=GydHYs7g6pYC |url-status=live }}</ref> The book, "Intercolonial Intimacies Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines, 1898–1964 By Paula C. Park" citing "Forzados y reclutas: los criollos novohispanos en Asia (1756–1808)" gave a higher number of later Mexican soldier-immigrants to the Philippines, pegging the number at 35,000 immigrants in the 1700s in a population of only 1.5 Million thus forming 2.33% of the population.<ref name="Intercolonial">"Intercolonial Intimacies Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines, 1898–1964 Paula C. Park" Page 100</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://bagn.archivos.gob.mx/index.php/legajos/article/view/1243|title=Forzados y reclutas: los criollos novohispanos en Asia (1756-1808)|last=Garcia|first=María Fernanda|journal=Bolotin Archivo General de la Nación|volume=4|issue=11|year=1998|access-date=July 9, 2022|archive-date=August 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812123617/https://bagn.archivos.gob.mx/index.php/legajos/article/view/1243|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1799, Friar Manuel Buzeta estimated the population of all the Philippine islands as 1,502,574.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=67xO2hUwzasC&dq=Friar+Manuel+Buzeta+1,502,574&pg=PR12 "The Unlucky Country The Republic of the Philippines in the 21st Century" By Duncan Alexander McKenzie (2012)(page xii)]</ref> Despite the number of Mixed Spanish-Filipino descent being the lowest, they may be more common than expected as many Spaniards often had Filipino concubines and mistresses and they frequently produced children out of wedlock.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Doran|first=Christine|date=1993|title=Spanish and Mestizo Women of Manila|journal=Philippine Studies|volume=41|issue=3|pages=269–286
| publisher= Ateneo de Manila University Press 
|jstor=42633385|issn=0031-7837}}</ref>{{rp|272}} 

In the late 1700s to early 1800s, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, an Agustinian Friar, in his Two Volume Book: "Estadismo de
las islas Filipinas"<ref name="Estadismo1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.xeniaeditrice.it/zu%C3%B1igaIocrpdf.pdf |title=ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO PRIMERO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish) |access-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309030040/http://www.xeniaeditrice.it/zu%C3%B1igaIocrpdf.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Estadismo2">[https://ia601608.us.archive.org/10/items/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ.pdf ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO SEGUNDO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)]</ref> compiled a census of the Spanish-Philippines based on the tribute counts (Which represented an average family of seven to ten children<ref>[https://www.ncesc.com/geographic-faq/how-big-were-families-in-the-1700s/ "How big were families in the 1700s?" By Keri Rutherford ]</ref> and two parents, per tribute)<ref name="Newson">{{cite book |last=Newson |first=Linda A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A40BEAAAQBAJ |title=Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines |date=April 16, 2009 |publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi Press]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |isbn=978-0-8248-6197-1 |access-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308195926/https://books.google.com/books?id=A40BEAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> and came upon the following statistics:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" | Data reported for the 1800 as divided by ethnicity and province<ref name= "Estadismo1" /><ref name= "Estadismo2" />
|-
! Province 
! Native Tributes
! Spanish Mestizo Tributes
! All Tributes{{efn|Including others such as Latin-Americans and Chinese-Mestizos, pure Chinese paid tribute but were not Philippine citizens as they were transients who returned to China, and Spaniards were exempt}}  
|-
|[[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|14,437-1/2
|3,528
|27,897-7
|-
|[[Cavite]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|5,724-1/2
|859
|9,132-4
|-
|[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|14,392-1/2
|336
|19,448-6
|-
|[[Batangas]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|15,014
|451 
|21,579-7  
|-
|[[Mindoro]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|3,165
|3-1/2
|4,000-8
|-
|[[Bulacan]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|16,586-1/2
|2,007
|25,760-5 
|-
|[[Pampanga]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|16,604-1/2
|2,641
|27,358-1 
|-
|[[Bataan]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|3,082
|619
|5,433
|-
|[[Zambales]]<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}}
|1,136 
|73 
|4,389
|-
|[[Ilocos]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|31}}
|44,852-1/2
|631 
|68,856
|- 
|[[Pangasinan]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|31}}
|19,836 
|719-1/2
|25,366
|-
|[[Cagayan]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|31}}
|9,888 
|0
|11,244-6
|-
|[[Camarines]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|54}}
|19,686-1/2 
|154-1/2 
|24,994
|-
|[[Albay]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|54}}
|12,339 
|146 
|16,093
|-       
|[[Tayabas]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|54}}
|7,396 
|12 
|9,228 
|-
|[[Cebu City|Cebu]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|28,112-1/2
|625 
|28,863  
|-        
|[[Samar]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|3,042 
|103 
|4,060  
|-
|[[Leyte]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|7,678 
|37-1/2
|10,011 
|-
|[[Caraga]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|3,497
|0
|4,977 
|-
|[[Misamis (province)|Misamis]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|1,278 
|0
|1,674 
|-
|[[Negros Island]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|5,741 
|0
|7,176  
|-
|[[Iloilo City|Iloilo]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|29,723 
|166 
|37,760  
|-
|[[Capiz]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|11,459 
|89 
|14,867  
|-
|[[Antique (province)|Antique]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|9,228 
|0
|11,620 
|-
|[[Calamianes]]<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
|2,289  
|0
|3,161 
|-    
|'''TOTAL'''
|'''299,049'''
|'''13,201'''
|''' 424,992-16'''
|}

The Spanish-Filipino population as a proportion of the provinces widely varied; with as high as 19% of the population of Tondo province <ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}} (The most populous province and former name of Manila), to Pampanga 13.7%,<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}} Cavite at 13%,<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}} Laguna 2.28%,<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}} Batangas 3%,<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}} Bulacan 10.79%,<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}} Bataan 16.72%,<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}} Ilocos 1.38%,<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|31}} Pangasinan 3.49%,<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|31}} Albay 1.16%,<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|54}} Cebu 2.17%,<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}} Samar 3.27%,<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}}
Iloilo 1%,<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}} Capiz 1%,<ref name= "Estadismo2" />{{rp|113}} [[Bicol region|Bicol]] 20%,<ref name="Pnas">{{cite web |author=Maximilian Larena |title=Supplementary Information for Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years (Appendix, Page 35) |publisher=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=January 21, 2021 |url=https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/suppl/2021/03/17/2026132118.DCSupplemental/pnas.2026132118.sapp.pdf |pages=35 |access-date=March 23, 2021}}</ref> and [[Zamboanga Peninsula|Zamboanga]] 40%.<ref name="Pnas" /> According to the data, in the Archdiocese of Manila which administers much of Luzon under it, about 10% of the population was Spanish-Filipino.<ref name= "Estadismo1" />{{rp|539}} Summing up all the provinces including those with no Spanish Filipinos, all in all, in the total population of the Philippines, [[Spanish Filipinos]] and mixed Spanish-Filipinos composed 5% of the population.<ref name= "Estadismo1" /><ref name= "Estadismo2" />

Meanwhile, government records show that 20% of the Philippines' total population were either pure Chinese or Mixed [[Chinese-Filipinos]]<ref name="ChineseFilipinos">{{cite news|last=Guanqun |first=Wang |date=August 23, 2009 |title=Chinese lunar new year might become national holiday in Philippines too |work=[[Xinhua]] |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/23/content_11930729.htm |access-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826194926/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/23/content_11930729.htm |archive-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref><ref name="senate.gov.ph">{{Cite press release |title=Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday |date=January 21, 2013 |publisher=PRIB, Office of the Senate Secretary, Senate of the Philippines |url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0121_prib1.asp |last1=Macrohon |first1=Pilar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516035425/http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0121_prib1.asp |archive-date=May 16, 2021}}</ref>

The first official census was in 1878, when the population as of midnight on December 31, 1877, was counted. This was followed by the 1887 census, with the 1898 census not completed. The 1887 census yielded a count of 5,984,727 excluding non-Christians.<ref name=TroiGawpo>{{cite web|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c42.pdf|title=The Population of The Philippines|access-date=|author=Aurora E. Perez|year=1997|archive-date=November 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126093402/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c42.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the 1860s to 1890s, in the urban areas of the Philippines, especially at Manila, according to burial statistics, as much as 3.3% of the population were pure European Spaniards and the pure Chinese were as high as 9.9%.<ref name="DanielDoeppers">{{Cite journal|last=Doeppers|first=Daniel F.|title=Tracing the Decline of the Mestizo Categories in Philippine Life in the Late 19th Century|date=1994|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29792149|journal=Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society|volume=22|issue=2|pages=80–89|jstor=29792149|issn=0115-0243|access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=September 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914193642/https://www.jstor.org/stable/29792149|url-status=live}}</ref> The Spanish-Filipino and Chinese-Filipino mestizo populations may have fluctuated. Eventually, everybody belonging to these non-native categories diminished because they were assimilated into and chose to self-identify as pure Filipinos.<ref name="DanielDoeppers"/>{{rp|82}} Since during the Philippine Revolution, the term "Filipino" included anybody born in the Philippines coming from any race.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hedman |first1=Eva-Lotta |last2=Sidel |first2=John |title=Philippine Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century: Colonial Legacies, Post-Colonial Trajectories |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-75421-2 |page=71 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_lDpY3vj60C&pg=PA71 |access-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075805/https://books.google.com/books?id=X_lDpY3vj60C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |quote=The cultural identity of the mestizos was challenged as they became increasingly aware that they were true members of neither the indio nor the Chinese community. Increasingly powerful but adrift, they linked with the Spanish mestizos, who were also being challenged because after the Latin American revolutions broke the Spanish Empire, many of the settlers from the New World, Caucasian creoles born in Mexico or Peru, became suspect in the eyes of the Iberian Spanish. The Spanish Empire had lost its universality. |chapter=Chapter – 3 A SINGULAR AND A PLURAL FOLK |last=Steinberg |first=David Joel |title=THE PHILIPPINES A Singular and a Plural Place |publisher=Routledge |date=2018 |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NFMDwAAQBAJ |doi=10.4324/9780429494383 |isbn=978-0-8133-3755-5 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075805/https://books.google.com/books?id=6NFMDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> That would explain the abrupt drop of otherwise high Chinese, Spanish and mestizo percentages across the country by the time of the first American census in 1903.<ref name="DanielDoeppers" />

===1903 census===
In 1903 the population of the Philippines was recounted by American authorities to fulfill Act 467. The survey yielded 7,635,426 people, including 56,138 who were foreign-born.<ref name="CensusSanger1905">{{Cite book |last1=United States. Bureau of the Census |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6QJAAAAIAAJ |title=Census of the Philippine Islands: Taken Under the Direction of the Philippine Commission in the Year 1903, in Four Volumes ... |last2=Joseph Prentiss Sanger |last3=Henry Gannett |last4=Victor Hugo Olmsted |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1905 |access-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216193417/https://books.google.com/books?id=h6QJAAAAIAAJ |archive-date=February 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===1920 census===
According to the [[1920 United States Census]], there were 10,314,310 people in the Philippines.<ref name="Census1920">{{Cite book |last=United States. Bureau of the Census |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=goxjYZIqi7oC&pg=PA11 |title=Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920 ... |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1923 |page=11}}</ref> 99 percent were Filipino; 51,751 were either [[Chinese Filipino|Chinese]] or [[Japanese settlement in the Philippines|Japanese]]; 34,563 were of mixed race; 12,577 were [[White American|Caucasian]]; and 7,523 were [[African American|African]].<ref name="Census1920" />

===1939===
The 1939 census was undertaken in conformity with Section 1 of Commonwealth Act 170.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Millegan |first=Lloyd S. |date=November 1942 |title=Census of the Philippines: 1939 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0021911800019410 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |publisher=The Association for Asian Studies, Inc |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=77–79 |doi=10.2307/2049281 |jstor=2049281 |s2cid=162461107 |access-date=September 8, 2014 |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075836/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/abs/census-of-the-philippines-1939/938189A193D770B6396F7E4CFB3C81D3 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Philippine population figure was 16,000,303.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1941 |title=Statistical Abstract of the United States |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1941-02.pdf |access-date=September 8, 2014 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201190643/http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1941-02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===1941===
In 1941 the estimated population of the Philippines reached 17,000,000.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bailey |first=Rayne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVcDEfNxEvAC&q=1941%20Philippines%2017%20million%20population&pg=PA107 |title=Immigration and Migration |date=2009 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=9781438109015 |page=107 |access-date=September 8, 2014 |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075807/https://books.google.com/books?id=pVcDEfNxEvAC&q=1941%20Philippines%2017%20million%20population&pg=PA107 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Manila]]'s population was 684,000.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stinner |first1=William F. |last2=Bacol-Montilla |first2=Melinda |date=October 1981 |title=Population Deconcentration in Metropolitan Manila in the Twentieth Century |journal=The Journal of Developing Areas |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=3–16 |jstor=4190969 |pmid=12338830}}</ref>

By then, some 27% of the population could speak English as a second language, while the number of Spanish speakers as first language had further fallen to 3% from 10 to 14% at the beginning of the century. In 1936, Tagalog was selected to be the basis for a [[national language]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paraluman Aspillera |year=1993 |title=Pilipino: The National Language, a historical sketch |url=http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/3727/tagalog2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020000334/http://geocities.com/Athens/Academy/3727/tagalog2.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2009 |access-date=March 24, 2007 |publisher=from Basic Tagalog for Foreigners and non-Tagalogs, Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Co., Inc., Tokyo}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2014||certain=y|reason=Falls under [[WP:SPS|self published source]], also see [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 28#Internet encyclopedia as sources]]}} In 1987, the Filipino language, a standard language based on Tagalog, was imposed as the national language and as one of the two official languages alongside English.<ref name=Gonzalez98 />

===1966===
<!--Note Copied text from 1966 in the Philippines.-->
The country ranks 18th in the world with 33,704,749 people, an increase of 899,211 people compared to 1965 data.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philippines - Population |url=https://countryeconomy.com/demography/population/philippines?year=1966 |access-date=June 22, 2024 |website=countryeconomy.com}}</ref> Comparing the 1941 population of 17,000,000, the increase nearly doubled, reaching 16,704,749 in 25 years.

===Philippine census surveys===
{{Main|Philippines census}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Census Population 1960–2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the Philippines : Census Years 1799 to 2010 |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/d_popn.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704171010/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/d_popn.asp |archive-date=July 4, 2012 |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]]}}</ref>
| 1960
| 1970
| 1975
| 1980
| 1990
| 1995
| 2000
| 2007
| 2010
| 2015
| 2020
|-
| 27,087,685
| 36,684,486
| 42,070,660
| 48,098,460
| 60,703,206
| 68,616,536
| 76,506,928
| 88,566,732
| 92,337,852
| 100,981,437
| 109,033,245
|}

In 1960, the government of the Philippines conducted a survey on both population, and housing. The population was pegged at 27,087,685. Successive surveys were again conducted in 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1990, which gave the population as 36,684,948, 42,070,660, 48,098,460, and 60,703,206 respectively. In 1995, the POPCEN was launched, undertaken at the month of September, The data provided the bases for the Internal Revenue Allocation to local government units, and for the creation of new legislative areas. The count was made official by then President Fidel Ramos by Proclamation No, 849 on August 14, 1995, The population was 68,616,536.

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| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=year
| yAxisTitle= million
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

| y1=  7.6, 7.7,7.7,7.8,7.8,8,8.1,8.2,8.4,8.6,8.8,9,9.3,9.5,9.8,10.3,10.3,10.4,10.7,10.9,11.2, , ,11.9,12.2,12.5,12.8,13.1,13.4,13.7,14.1,14.4,14.7,15.1,15.4,15.8,16, 16.5, , , ,,,18.4,18.8,19.2,19.5,19.9,20.3,20.6,21,22.9,23.6,24.3,25,25.8,26.6,27.1,28.2,29.1,29.9,30.8,31.8,32.7,33.7,34.7,35.8,36.7,37.9,39,40.1,41.3,42.1,43.3,44.4,45.5,46.6,48.1,49.5,50.8,52.1,53.4,54.7,56,57.4,58.7,60.1,60.7,63.7,65.3,67,68.6,68.6,70,71.5,73.1,74.7,76.3,77.9,79.5,81.1,82.7,84.2,87,88.7,90.5,92.2,94,95.1,96.3,97.6,99.1,100.7,102.5,104.2,105.8,107.3,108.8, 110.2

| y1Title= population (million)
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| yAxisTitle= ‰
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| xGrid= 10
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| type = line
| x = 1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

| y1= -5.9,9.0, 10.2, 9.2, 15.2, 11.1, 6.8, 12.0, 13.6,12.3, 18.5,20.3, 16.3, 15.2, 14.3, -2.1, -1.9, 14.4, 14.8, 15.6, 16.4, , , 14.3, 15.1, 16.3, 14.9, 13.5, 14.8, 17.1, 16.5, 14.4, 13.8, 16.3, 16.8, 15.8, 15.8, 15.9, , , , , , 13.8, 1.8, 18.6, 19.4,20.9, 19.8, 19.8, 10.9, 21.2, 22.2, 13.8, 12.5, 11.4, 16.6, 16.7, 15.7, 20.8, 19.1, 18.8, 17.6, 18.0, 17.8, 18.4, 19.7, 20.0, 18.8, 17.5, 19.1, 19.3, 22.7, 23.4, 23.3, 24.0, 24.1, 24.1, 23.4, 22.9, 22.6, 21.8, 20.2, 20.9, 21.8, 21.2, 20.6, 21.5, 21.1, 20.9, 20.3, 19.3, 19.3, 18.1, 18.4, 17.5, 16.9, 18.3, 17.1, 16.0, 15.7, 15.8, 14.9, 14.0, 14.7, 14.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.2, 13.2, 12.5, 12.2, 11.8, 11.2, 10.7, 10.2, 9.8, 8.5, 4.2

| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
}}

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| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
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| x = 1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

| y1= ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,156.7,152.5,150.1,161.6,165.0,155.1,137.6,145.8,160.8,153.4,134.0,137.3,139.0,146.2,135.8,,,,,,125.5,234.4,114.4,108.5,101.6,105.5,101.2,148.8,94.2,84.3,110.9,112.9,109.2,93.4,84.6,88.4,58.6,72.8,70.5,72.9,72.0,72.2,71.0,67.3,60.0,62.0,67.9,64.7,58.7,53.,56.9,56.8,53.1,50.2,45.1,44.1,41.8,42.7,38.5,38.0,35.0,32.1,30.1,27.5,24.3,20.9,21.9,20.6,18.9,18.6,19.0,17.0,17.3,15.6,15.7,15.2,14.2,13.7,13.2,12.8,13.1,12.4,12.5,12.4,12.6,12.8,12.4,12.5,12.3,11.9,12.6,11.9,12.6,13.0,11.0

| y1Title=Infant Mortality (per 1000 births)
}}

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| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= 
| yAxisMin=
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| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

| y1= 2.8, 2.7, 3, 3.1, , , 3.4, 3.1, , 3.1, 3.7, 3.2, 3.7, 3.6, 3.7, 3.5, 3.5, 3.6, 3.9, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.5, 3.5, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.3, 3.3, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.3, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3, 3.1, 2.9, 2.9, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.9, 2.8, 2.6, 2.6, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.5, 2.5, 2.3, 2.4, 2.3, 2.3, 2.2, 2.2, 2.2, 2.1, 2, 2, 2.0, 1.8, 1.6

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}