Editing Demographics of Pakistan (section)

==Population==
{{Main|Census in Pakistan}}
{{Historical populations
| title = Historical Population of Pakistan (four provinces and Islamabad)
| shading = off
| percentages = pagr
| align = right
| 1951 |33740167
| 1961 |42880378
| 1972 |65309340
| 1981 |84253644
| 1998 |132352279
| 2017 |207684626
| 2023 |241499431
|source =<ref name="2017CensusPopulation"/><ref name=2017Census>{{cite web |title=Salient Features of Final Results Census – 2017 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/sailent_feature_%20census_2017.pdf |access-date=20 May 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407233606/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/sailent_feature_%20census_2017.pdf |archive-date=7 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/yearbook2011/Population/16-16.pdf |title=Population Distribution by Religion, 1998 Census |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=26 December 2016 |archive-date=26 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226023307/http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/yearbook2011/Population/16-16.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="1951-1998Data" />
}}

The [[2017 Pakistani census|2017 census]] recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in [[Pakistan]]'s [[Provinces of Pakistan|four provinces]] and the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]].<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" /> The census also reported that [[Azad Kashmir]]'s population stood at 4,045,367<ref name="AJK" /> and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]'s population was 1,492,924.<ref name="GB" /> This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.

The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022,<ref name="UNWPP2019" /> and are covered in more detail in [[Demographics of Pakistan#Estimates from the United Nations|the following section]]. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-30 |title=Crisis-hit Pakistan strikes $3bn IMF bailout deal |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66062429 |access-date=2023-08-29}}</ref>

{{GraphChart
| width = 550
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle = year
| yAxisTitle = million
| yAxisMin = 0
| yGrid = 0, 1
| xGrid = 10
| legend =
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021

| y1 = 37.696264,38.215785,38.816777,39.488228,40.22409,41.023128,41.884995,42.808511,43.794993,44.843639,45.954226,47.060915,48.161841,49.32505,50.552592,51.841626,53.199414,54.629793,56.124743,57.676805,59.290872,60.878781,62.509565,64.285624,66.149169,68.126999,70.230923,72.451105,74.78933,77.407341,80.624057,84.270202,87.828198,91.080372,94.003867,97.121552,100.618523,104.251093,107.967838,111.670386,115.414069,119.203569,122.375179,125.546615,129.245139,133.117476,137.23481,141.330267,145.476106,149.694462,154.369924,159.217727,163.262807,166.87668,170.64862,174.372098,178.069984,181.924521,185.931955,190.123222,194.454498,198.602738,202.205861,205.337562,208.251628,210.969298,213.52484,216.379655,219.731479,223.29328,227.196741,231.402117
| y1Title = Population (million)
}}

{{GraphChart
| width = 550
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle = year
| yAxisTitle = ‰
| yAxisMax = 50
| yAxisMin = -15
| yGrid = 0,1
| xGrid = 10
| hAnnotatonsLine = 0
| hAnnotatonsLabel =
| legend = 
| type = line
| x = 1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021

| y1 = 43.716,44.12,44.49,44.778,45.004,45.184,45.366,45.515,45.649,45.696,45.749,45.76,45.647,45.503,45.298,45.091,44.831,44.579,44.201,43.724,43.549,43.445,43.342,43.281,43.115,43.017,42.941,43.027,43.117,43.235,43.539,44.156,44.567,44.669,44.469,44.245,44.29,44.207,44.011,43.684,43.147,42.531,41.829,40.756,40.097,39.211,38.516,37.683,37.079,36.475,35.761,35.342,34.868,34.132,33.513,32.867,32.402,32.589,32.361,32.193,32.109,31.872,31.601,31.181,30.462,29.699,29.306,28.963,28.594,28.276,27.967,27.519

| y2 =  31.127,29.351,28.071,26.917,25.957,24.912,24.075,23.208,22.412,21.63,20.909,20.184,19.486,18.673,17.927,17.286,16.323,15.615,14.96,14.395,13.794,16.162,13.404,13.246,13.205,12.95,12.817,12.735,12.502,12.309,12.109,11.946,11.825,11.608,11.415,11.351,11.257,11.383,11.199,11.013,10.731,10.543,10.489,10.43,10.215,10.194,9.852,9.654,9.353,9.023,8.77,8.583,8.454,8.311,8.177,8.402,7.831,7.798,7.733,7.703,7.599,7.524,7.479,7.333,7.274,7.097,7.036,6.89,6.843,6.765,7.06,7.168

| y3 = 12.589,14.769,16.419,17.861,19.047,20.272,21.291,22.307,23.237,24.066,24.84,25.576,26.161,26.83,27.371,27.805,28.508,28.964,29.241,29.329,29.755,27.283,29.938,30.035,29.91,30.067,30.124,30.292,30.615,30.926,31.43,32.21,32.742,33.061,33.054,32.894,33.033,32.824,32.812,32.671,32.416,31.988,31.34,30.326,29.882,29.017,28.664,28.029,27.726,27.452,26.991,26.759,26.414,25.821,25.336,24.465,24.571,24.791,24.628,24.49,24.51,24.348,24.122,23.848,23.188,22.602,22.27,22.073,21.751,21.511,20.907,20.351

| y4 = 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-2.842,-2.728,-2.616,-2.503,-2.393,-2.293,-2.193,-2.091,-1.989,-1.965,-2.244,-2.213,-1.804,-1.051,-0.05,0.672,1.16,1.473,5.829,13.46,11.899,6.305,0.811,-3.73,2.912,1.986,3.14,1.374,0.609,0.262,-0.051,-10.733,-0.002,-2.138,2.228,1.079,1.073,1.024,0.992,6.112,2.164,-5.098,-3.459,-3.071,-3.62,-3.525,-3.092,-2.824,-1.779,-2.218,-4.474,-8.116,-9.24,-9.738,-10.244,-10.669,-7.25,-5.942,-5.258,-2.588,-2.035

| y1Title = Crude birth rate (per 1000)
| y2Title = Crude death rate (per 1000)
| y3Title = Crude rate of natural increase (per 1000)
| y4Title = Crude rate of migration (per 1000)<!-- Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation <ref>Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation, based the calculation average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year.-->
| colors = green, red, blue, orange
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 550
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 263.4,252.9,243.3,234.1,225.6,217.4,209.6,202.2,195.2,188.7,182.6,176.7,171.2,166.0,161.2,157.5,153.2,149.9,147.0,144.5,142.1,145.5,137.9,136.0,134.3,132.5,
131.0,129.6,128.1,126.6,125.1,123.6,122.1,120.5,118.8,117.0,115.2,113.3,111.5,109.6,107.8,105.9,103.9,101.7,99.5,97.2,94.7,92.3,89.9,87.5,85.3,83.3,81.5,79.8,78.4,77.9,75.7,74.5,73.1,71.8,70.5,68.8,67.1,65.5,63.8,62.1,60.4,58.8,57.1,55.5,53.9,52.3

| y1Title=Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 550
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.80,6.78,
6.76,6.73,6.70,6.67,6.64,6.62,6.59,6.55,6.52,6.48,6.43,6.36,6.29,6.21,6.11,6.01,5.89,5.77,5.64,5.51,5.39,5.26,5.12,5.01,4.88,4.75,4.64,4.53,4.51,4.43,4.36,4.30,
4.23,4.17,4.11,4.01,3.90,3.83,3.76,3.69,3.62,3.56,3.47

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}
[[File:Population Density by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|{{center|Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census}}]]
[[File:Population by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|{{center|Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census}}]]

===Estimates from the United Nations===

In July 2022, the [[United Nations]] published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.<ref name="UNWPP2019" /> This data includes [[Azad Kashmir]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]].

Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right 
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
|-
! width="70" |Year
! width="100" |{{abbr|Population|Population as of July 1 of the year}}
! width="120" |% Population<br />aged 0 to 14
! width="120" |% Population<br />aged 15 to 64
! width="120" |% Population<br />aged 65 or more
|-
!1950
 |37,696,264 
|40.5% 
|54.0% 
|5.5%
|-
!1955
 |
|40.3% 
|55.3% 
|4.4%
|-
!1960
 |45,954,226 
|40.6% 
|55.6% 
|3.7%
|-
!1965
 |51,841,626 
|42.3% 
|54.4% 
|3.4%
|-
!1970
 |59,290,872 
|43.7% 
|53.0% 
|3.3%
|-
!1975
 |68,126,999 
|43.9% 
|52.8% 
|3.4%
|-
!1980
 |80,624,057 
|43.0% 
|53.5% 
|3.4%
|-
!1985
 |97,121,552 
|43.0% 
|53.5% 
|3.5%
|-
!1990
 |115,414,069 
|43.7% 
|52.8% 
|3.5%
|-
!1995
 |133,117,476 
|44.4% 
|52.1% 
|3.5%
|-
!2000
 |154,369,924 
|42.9% 
|53.6% 
|3.5%
|-
!2005
 |174,372,098 
|41.1% 
|55.4% 
|3.5%
|-
!2010
 |194,454,498 
|39.2% 
|57.0% 
|3.7%
|-
!2015
 |210,969,298 
|38.4% 
|57.7% 
|3.9%
|-
!2020
 |227,196,741 
|37.3% 
|58.6% 
|4.2%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2025
 |249,948,885 
|35.3% 
|60.2% 
|4.5%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2030
 |274,029,836 
|33.2% 
|61.9% 
|4.9%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2035
 |298,432,780 
|31.7% 
|63.1% 
|5.2%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2040
 |322,595,767 
|29.5% 
|64.8% 
|5.7%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2045
 |345,818,945 
|28.1% 
|65.8% 
|6.2%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2050
 |367,808,468 
|26.6% 
|66.5% 
|6.9%
|}

===Structure of population===
[[File:Median Age by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|{{center|Median Age of each Pakistani District as of the [[2017 Pakistan Census]]}}]]

The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2023 census.<ref name="2017CensusAge" /> The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its [[Demographic transition]]. In 2017, Pakistan's [[sex ratio]] stood at 105 males per 100 females,<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" /> which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.

The statistics below do not contain [[Azad Kashmir]] or [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right 
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
|-
! width="110" |Age Group
! width="100" |Male
! width="100" |Female
! width="100" |Total
! width="100" |{{abbr|Sex ratio|Sex ratio measured in number of males for 100 females}}
! width="100" |Percent
|-
!Total
 !123,824,681
 !116,613,077
 !240,458,089
 !106.12
 !100.0%
|-
!0 – 4
 |18,744,989
 |17,726,432
 |36,471,421
 |105.1
 |14.0%
|-
!5 – 9
 |16,566,852
 |15,705,284
 |32,272,136
 |108.8
 |14.5%
|-
!10 – 14
 |14,971,914
 |13,817,137
 |28,790,182
 |111.8
 |11.8%
|-
!15 – 19
 |12,581,753
 |11,569,893
 |24,154,118
 |108.0
 |10.3%
|-
!20 – 24
 |10,323,755
 |10,141,864
 |20,468,713
 |100.0
 |8.9%
|-
!25 – 29
 |8,946,770
 |9,016,962
 |17,967,161
 |98.8
 |7.9%
|-
!30 – 34
 |7,730,953
 |8,026,004
 |15,759,670
 |96.4
 |6.8%
|-
!35 – 39
 |7,313,967
 |7,047,727
 |14,364,278
 |102.2
 |5.8%
|-
!40 – 44
 |6,471,820
 |6,063,242
 |12,536,758
 |101.5
 |4.6%
|-
!45 – 49
 |5,095,175
 |4,624,839
 |9,721,110
 |104.9
 |3.8%
|-
!50 – 54
 |4,219,234
 |3,827,003
 |8,047,113
 |110.4
 |3.3%
|-
!55 – 59
 |3,455,455
 |2,933,026
 |6,388,995
 |113.8
 |2.4%
|-
!60 – 64
 |2,247,341
 |2,063,695
 |4,311,861
 |108.9
 |2.1%
|-
!65 – 69
 |1,557,733
 |1,393,718
 |2,952,013
 |111.8
 |1.4%
|-
!70 – 74
 |1,131,916
 |1,001,805
 |2,134,220
 |113.0
 |1.0%
|-
!75 or more
 |1,338,251
 |1,287,621
 |2,626,523
 |103.9
 |1.26%
|-
! width="110" |Age Group
! width="100" |Male
! width="100" |Female
! width="100" |Total
! width="100" |{{abbr|Sex ratio|Sex ratio measured in number of males for 100 females}}
! width="100" |Percent
|-
!0 – 14
 |43,533,720
 |40,182,776
 |83 716 496
 |108.3
 |40.3%
|-
!15 – 64
 |58,778,374
 |57,478,712
 |116,257,086
 |102.3
 |56.0%
|-
!65+
 |4,027,900
 |3,683,144
 |7,711,044
 |109.4
 |3.7%
|}

===Population distribution===

Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the [[Indus River]] and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in [[rural area]]s, but two large and growing [[Megacity|megacities]] exist: the coastal [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]] in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as [[Faisalabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Peshawar]], and the capital [[Islamabad]]) dot the rest of the country.

====By province====

The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right 
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
|-
! width="200" |Province or Territory
! width="100" |[[Census in Pakistan#1951|1951]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[Census in Pakistan#1961|1961]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[Census in Pakistan#1972|1972]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[Census in Pakistan#1981|1981]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[1998 Census of Pakistan|1998]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[2017 Pakistani census|2017]]<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" />
![[2023 Pakistani census|2023]]<ref name="keyfindings2023" />
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |20,540,762
 |25,463,974
 |37,607,423
 |47,292,441
 |73,691,290
 |109,989,655
|127,688,922
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
 |6,047,748
 |8,367,065
 |14,155,909
 |19,028,666
 |30,439,893
 |47,854,510
|55,696,147
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
 |5,888,550
 |7,578,186
 |10,879,781
 |13,259,875
 |20,919,976
 |35,501,964
|40,856,097
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Balochistan, Pakistan|name=Balochistan}}
 |1,167,167
 |1,353,484
 |2,428,678
 |4,332,376
 |6,565,885
 |12,335,129
|14,894,402
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Islamabad|name={{abbr|ICT|Islamabad Capital Territory}}}}
 |—
 |117,669
 |237,549
 |340,286
 |805,235
 |2,003,368
|2,363,863
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Four Provinces and ICT
 !33,740,167
 !42,880,378
 !65,309,340
 !84,253,644
 !132,352,279
 !207,684,626
!241,499,431
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Azad Kashmir}}<ref name="AJK" />
 |886,000
 |1,065,000
 |1,573,000
 |1,983,465
 |2,972,501
 |4,045,367
|
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}}<ref name="GB" />
 |—
 |—
 |—
 |—
 |884,000
 |1,492,924
|
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Total Pakistan
 !—
 !—
 !—
 !—
 !136,208,780
 !213,222,917
!
|}

====Urbanization====

The following table shows how Pakistan has [[urbanised]]. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province. This is largely fuelled by the growth of [[Karachi]], which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right 
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
|-
! width="200" |Province or Territory
! width="100" |[[Census in Pakistan#1951|1951]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[Census in Pakistan#1961|1961]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[Census in Pakistan#1972|1972]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[Census in Pakistan#1981|1981]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[1998 Census of Pakistan|1998]]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |[[2017 Pakistani census|2017]]<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" />
![[2023 Pakistani census|2023]]<ref name="keyfindings2023" />
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |17.3%
 |21.5%
 |24.4%
 |27.6%
 |31.3%
 |36.9%
|40.7%
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
 |29.2%
 |37.9%
 |40.4%
 |43.3%
 |48.8%
 |51.9%
|54.0%
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
 |8.6%
 |10.3%
 |11.1%
 |12.6%
 |14.3%
 |16.5%
|15.0%
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Balochistan, Pakistan|name=Balochistan}}
 |12.4%
 |16.9%
 |16.5%
 |15.6%
 |23.9%
 |27.6%
|30.1%
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Islamabad|name={{abbr|ICT|Islamabad Capital Territory}}}}
 |0.0%
 |0.0%
 |32.3%
 |60.1%
 |65.7%
 |50.4%
|46.9%
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Four Provinces and ICT
 !17.7%
 !22.5%
 !25.4%
 !28.3%
 !32.5%
 !36.4%
!38.9%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Azad Kashmir}}<ref name="AJK" />
 |—
 |—
 |—
 |8.1%
 |12.5%
 |17.4%
|
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}}<ref name="GB" />
 |—
 |—
 |—
 |—
 |16.8%
 |16.5%
|
|}

====Largest cities====
{{main|List of cities in Pakistan by population}}

As urbanisation has progressed and owing to the country's large population, Pakistan today has many very large urban centers which act as hubs for commerce and culture. The nation has two megacities, [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]]. With populations of 18.9&nbsp;million and 13&nbsp;million respectively (as of 2023), they are among the world's largest metropolises. The country also has eight more cities with more than 1 million residents each: [[Faisalabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Multan]], [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], [[Peshawar]], [[Quetta]], and [[Islamabad]]. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 19 million people altogether.

Below a list showing Pakistan's cities with a population over 500,000 as of the 2023 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. The full list can be found on the main article: [[List of cities in Pakistan by population]].

All city population figures below include adjacent [[cantonment]]s.

{{Static row numbers}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style=text-align:right
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
! width="100" |City Name
! width="100" |Province or Territory
! width="100" |2023 Population<ref name="keyfindings2023" />
! width="100" |Avg. Annual Growth Rate (2017-2023)
! width="100" |2017 Population<ref name="2017CensusCities">{{cite web |title=Table – 2 Urban Localities by Population Size and their Population By Sex, Annual Growth Rate and Household Size |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table02n.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224053543/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table02n.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2021 |date=2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
! width="100" |Avg. Annual Growth Rate (1998-2017)
! width="100" |1998 Population<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Karachi]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
 
|18,868,021
|{{Increase}}4.05%
|14,884,402
 |{{Increase}} 2.48%
|9,339,023
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Lahore]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 
|13,004,135
|{{Increase}}2.65%
|11,119,985
 |{{Increase}} 4.06%
|5,209,088
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Faisalabad]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 
|3,691,999
|{{Increase}}2.37%
|3,210,158
 |{{Increase}} 2.49%
|2,008,861
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 
|3,357,612
|{{Increase}}8.18%
|2,097,824
 |{{Increase}} 2.11%
|1,409,768
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Gujranwala]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 
|2,668,047
|{{Increase}}3.55%
|2,028,421
 |{{Increase}} 3.11%
|1,132,509
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Multan]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |2,215,381
|{{Increase}}2.85%
|1,872,641
 |{{Increase}} 2.38%
|1,197,384
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
 |1,921,275
|{{Increase}}1.53%
|1,733,622
 |{{Increase}} 2.10%
|1,166,894
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Peshawar]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|name=KPK}}
 |1,905,975
|{{Decrease}}-0.55%
|1,969,823
 |{{Increase}} 3.72%
|982,816
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Quetta]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Balochistan, Pakistan|name=Balochistan}}
 |1,565,546
|{{Increase}}7.79%
|999,385
 |{{Increase}} 3.04%
|565,137
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Islamabad]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Islamabad|name=ICT}}
 |1,108,872
|{{Increase}}1.59%
|1,009,003
 |{{Increase}} 3.45%
|529,180
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Sargodha]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |975,886
|{{Increase}}6.81%
|658,208
 |{{Increase}} 1.92%
|458,440
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Sialkot]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |911,817
|{{Increase}}5.64%
|656,730
 |{{Increase}} 2.36%
|421,502
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |903,795
|{{Increase}}2.88%
|762,774
 |{{Increase}} 3.34%
|408,395
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Jhang]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |606,533
|{{Increase}}6.58%
|414,309
 |{{Increase}} 1.83%
|293,366
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Sheikhupura]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |591,424
|{{Increase}}3.80%
|472,269
 |{{Increase}} 2.79%
|280,263
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |574,240
|{{Increase}}6.65%
|390,758
 |{{Increase}} 2.34%
|251,792
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Sukkur]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
 |563,851
|{{Increase}}2.02%
|500,401
 |{{Increase}} 2.12%
|335,551
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Larkana]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
 |551,716
|{{Increase}}2.07%
|488,006
 |{{Increase}} 3.15%
|270,283
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;"|[[Sahiwal]]
 | style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Punjab}}
|538,344
|{{Increase}}5,59%
|388,795
|
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Okara, Pakistan|Okara]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|533,693
|{{Increase}}6.90%
|358,146
|
|
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Rahim Yar Khan]]
 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |519,261
|{{Increase}}3.57%
|420,963
 |{{Increase}} 3.14%
|233,537
 
|-
 | style="text-align:left;" |[[Kasur]]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|510,875
|{{Increase}}6.11%
|358,296
|
|
|}