Editing Demographics of Malaysia (section)

==Population size and structure==
Censuses were taken in Malaysia in 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000, 2010, and 2020.<ref name="2001 Census">{{cite web|author=Malaysian government statistics department |url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/english/census/pressdemo.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323094806/http://www.statistics.gov.my/english/census/pressdemo.htm |archive-date=23 March 2007 |title=Population and Housing Census 2000 |year=2001 |access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> The total population is around 32.4 million according to the 2020 census.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cloud.stats.gov.my/index.php/s/ppMYkLC4kyUzHKn#pdfviewer |title=Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020 |publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia |page=48 |access-date=23 March 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228142122/https://cloud.stats.gov.my/index.php/s/ppMYkLC4kyUzHKn#pdfviewer |url-status=dead }}</ref> The population distribution is highly uneven, with some 20 million residents concentrated in Peninsula Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite book
 |last         = Hassan
 |first        = Asan Ali Golam
 |author-link  = Asan Ali Golam Hassan
 |title        = Growth, structural change, and regional inequality in Malaysia
 |publisher    = Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
 |year         = 2004
 |location     = Hants
 |page         = 12
 |url          = https://books.google.com/books?id=TtKxDem7CrsC
 |isbn         = 978-0-7546-4332-6
 |access-date  = 5 August 2016
 |archive-date = 27 July 2023
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20230727120523/https://books.google.com/books?id=TtKxDem7CrsC
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> 74.7% of the population is urban.<ref name="multiref1"/> Due to the rise in labour-intensive industries,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/business/worldbusiness/13iht-labor.4.7496516.html?_r=1 |title=As Malaysia deports illegal workers, employers run short |work=New York Times |date=13 July 2009 |access-date=26 October 2010 |archive-date=12 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512010636/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/business/worldbusiness/13iht-labor.4.7496516.html?_r=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Malaysia is estimated to have over 3 million migrant workers, which is about 10% of the Malaysian population.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kent |first=Jonathan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3964511.stm |title=Illegal workers leave Malaysia |work=BBC News |date=29 October 2004 |access-date=26 October 2010 |archive-date=2 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202140657/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3964511.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The exact numbers are unknown: there are a million legal foreign workers and perhaps another million unauthorised foreigners. The state of Sabah alone had nearly 25% of its 2.7&nbsp;million population listed as illegal foreign workers in the last census. Sabah based NGOs estimate that out of the 3 million population, 2&nbsp;million are illegal immigrants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/opinions/46691|title=Demographic implosion in Sabah? Really?|last=Quek|first=Kim|work=[[Malaysiakini]]|access-date=21 June 2010|date=9 February 2006|archive-date=15 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515042623/http://www.malaysiakini.com/opinions/46691|url-status=live}}</ref>

Additionally, according to the ''World Refugee Survey 2008'', published by the [[US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants]] (USCRI), Malaysia hosts a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 155,700. Of this population, approximately 70,500 refugees and asylum seekers are from the Philippines, 69,700 from [[Burma]], and 21,800 from Indonesia.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2008">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2008|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|date=19 June 2008|url=http://www.refugees.org/survey|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005040657/http://www.refugees.org/article.aspx?id=1941|archive-date=5 October 2007}}</ref> The USCRI named Malaysia as one of the ten worst places for refugees on account of the country's discriminatory practices toward them. Malaysian officials are reported to have turned deportees directly over to human smugglers in 2007, and Malaysia employs [[RELA Corps|RELA]], a volunteer militia, to enforce its immigration law.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2008"/>

{{GraphChart
| width = 700
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=year
| yAxisTitle= million
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 4.9, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7, 5.9, 6.1, 6.3, 6.3, 6.5, 6.7, 8.1, 8.4, 8.7, 8.9, 9.2, 9.4, 9.7, 10, 10.3, 10.5, 10.9, 11.2, 11.4, 11.7, 12, 12.3, 12.6, 12.9, 13.2, 13.5, 13.9, 14.3, 14.7, 15, 15.5, 15.9, 16.3, 16.8, 17.2, 17.7, 18.1, 18.5, 19.1, 19.6, 20.1, 20.7, 21.2, 21.8, 22.3, 22.9, 23.5, 24, 24.5, 25, 25.5, 26, 26.5, 27.1, 27.6, 28.1, 28.6, 29.1, 29.5, 30.2, 30.7, 31.2, 31.6, 32, 32.4, 32.5, 32.7, 33.6,
 
| y1Title= population (million)

}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 700
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

| y1= 23.6, 24.2, 29.6, 26.2, 28.3, 30.8, 31.3, 31.6, 31.6, 34.3, 33.7, 32.3, 32.4, 31.4, 32.6, 31.0, 29.7, 30.5,28.5, 29.4, 27.7, 28.0, 26.3, 25.7, 26.3, 25.9, 24.8, 25.3, 24.8, 25.3,24.5, 24.3, 25.0, 25.4, 26.3, 26.0, 25.1, 25.9, 26.6, 25.8, 24.7, 25.0, 22.2, 23.3, 23.0, 23.2, 23.2, 22.2,21.5, 21.0, 20.3, 20.6, 20.0, 20.1, 17.1, 15.4, 16.1, 15.6, 15.2, 14.0, 12.3, 12.6, 13.0, 12.6, 12.9, 12.6, 12.0, 12.3, 11.7, 11.0, 10.6, 10.2, 9.7, 9.4, 6.6

| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
}}

{{GraphChart
| width = 570
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=2.1
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

| y1= 6.3, 6.2, 6.0, 6.2, 6.0, 6.0, 6.0, 5.6, 5.7,5.4, 5.4, 5.1, 4.9, 4.9, 4.7, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1,4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 3.9,3.7, 3.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.4, 3.5, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3.0, 2.9, 2.9, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.3, 2.3, 2.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.2, 2.0, 2.0, 1.9, 1.9, 1.9, 1.8, 1.8, 1.7, 1.7, 

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}
[[File:Malaya parliamentary constituencies by total population (2020 census).svg|thumb|373x373px|Population in Peninsular Malaysia by parliamentary constituency (2020 census){{fact|date=October 2022}}]]

===Population distribution by states and territories===

Source: National Census 2000,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.statistics.gov.my/english/frameset_census.php?file=pressdemo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230004433/http://www.statistics.gov.my/english/frameset_census.php?file=pressdemo |archive-date=30 December 2005 |title=Population And Housing Census 2000 |work=Department of Statistics Malaysia}}</ref> Department of Statistics Malaysia.
[[File:Malaya PBT population (2020 census) wiki.svg|thumb|373x373px|Population in Peninsular Malaysia by local authority (2020 census){{fact|date=October 2022}}]]

====In 2000====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
! [[States of Malaysia|State]]
! Population
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Pop. density
! Urban pop.
! [[Bumiputra]]
! Chinese
! Indian
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Johor
| 2,740,625
| 18,987
| 144
| {{percentage bar|width=70|65.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|57.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|35.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|6.9}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Kedah
| 1,649,756
| 9,425
| 175
| {{percentage bar|width=70|39.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|76.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|14.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|7.1}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Kelantan
| 1,313,014
| 15,024
| 87
| {{percentage bar|width=70|34.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|95.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|3.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Malacca
| 635,791
| 1,652
| 385
| {{percentage bar|width=70|67.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|62.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|30.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|6.5}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Negeri Sembilan
| 859,924
| 6,644
| 129
| {{percentage bar|width=70|53.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|57.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|25.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|16.0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Pahang
| 1,288,376
| 35,965
| 36
| {{percentage bar|width=70|42.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|76.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|17.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|5.0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Penang
| 1,313,449
| 1,031
| 1274
| {{percentage bar|width=70|80.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|42.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|46.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|10.6}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Perak
| 2,051,236
| 21,005
| 98
| {{percentage bar|width=70|58.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|54.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|32.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|13.0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Perlis
| 204,450
| 795
| 257
| {{percentage bar|width=70|34.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|85.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|10.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|1.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Selangor
| 4,188,876
| 7,960
| 526
| {{percentage bar|width=70|87.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|53.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|30.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|14.6}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Terengganu
| 898,825
| 12,955
| 69
| {{percentage bar|width=70|48.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|96.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|2.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |Sabah
| 2,603,485
| 73,619
| 35
| {{percentage bar|width=70|48.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|80.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|13.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.5}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | Sarawak
| 2,071,506
| 124,450
| 17
| {{percentage bar|width=70|48.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|72.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|26.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |FT Kuala Lumpur
| 1,379,310
| 243
| 5676
| {{percentage bar|width=70|100.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|43.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|43.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|11.4}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |FT Labuan
| 76,067
| 92
| 827
| {{percentage bar|width=70|77.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|79.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|15.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|1.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;" |FT Putrajaya
| 45,000
| 148
| 304
| {{percentage bar|width=70|100.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|94.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|1.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|2.7}}
|}[[File:Distribution of population in Malaya vintage map (1945).png|500px|Visual distribution of races in Malaya (1945)|thumb]]
* Putrajaya data is for 2004.
* Population estimates are rounded to the nearest hundred.

====In 2010====

Source: National Census 2010,<ref name="2010 census">{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|title= 2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205104835/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2013 |publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia |page=11}}</ref> Department of Statistics Malaysia
{| class="toccolours sortable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align: right;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|[[States of Malaysia|State]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&id=1215&Itemid=89&lang=bm |title=Department of Statistics Malaysia |work=statistics.gov.my |access-date=2 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705070416/https://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&id=1215&Itemid=89&lang=bm |archive-date=5 July 2015  }}</ref>!! Population !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Pop. density !! Urban pop.(%) !! [[Bumiputra]] (%) !! Chinese (%) !! Indian (%)
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Johor
| 3,348,283 || 18,987 || 174
| {{percentage bar|width=70|71.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|58.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|33.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|7.1}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Kedah
| 1,890,098 || 9,425 || 199
| {{percentage bar|width=70|64.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|77.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|13.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|7.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Kelantan
| 1,459,994 || 15,024 || 97
| {{percentage bar|width=70|42.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|95.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|3.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Malacca
| 788,706 || 1,652 || 470
| {{percentage bar|width=70|86.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|66.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|26.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|6.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Negeri Sembilan
| 997,071 || 6,644 || 150
| {{percentage bar|width=70|66.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|61.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|23.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|15.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Pahang
| 1,443,365 || 35,965 || 40
| {{percentage bar|width=70|50.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|79.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|16.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|4.4}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Penang
| 1,520,143 || 1,031 || 1,500
| {{percentage bar|width=70|90.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|43.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|45.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|10.4}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Perak
| 2,258,428 || 21,005 || 110
| {{percentage bar|width=70|69.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|57.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|30.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|12.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Perlis
| 227,025 || 795 || 280
| {{percentage bar|width=70|51.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|88.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|8.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|1.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Selangor
| 5,411,324 || 7,960 || 670
| {{percentage bar|width=70|91.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|57.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|28.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|13.5}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Terengganu
| 1,015,776 || 12,955 || 69
| {{percentage bar|width=70|59.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|97.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|2.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Sabah
| 3,117,405 || 73,619 || 42
| {{percentage bar|width=70|54.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|84.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|12.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"| Sarawak
| 2,420,009 || 124,450 || 19
| {{percentage bar|width=70|53.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|74.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|24.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|FT Kuala Lumpur
| 1,627,172 || 243 || 6,891
| {{percentage bar|width=70|100.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|45.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|43.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|10.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|FT Labuan
| 86,908 || 92 || 950
| {{percentage bar|width=70|82.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|83.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|13.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.9}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|FT Putrajaya
| 67,964|| 148 || 1,400
| {{percentage bar|width=70|100.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|98.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|1.2}}
|}

====In 2020====

Source: National Census 2020,<ref name="2020 census"/> Department of Statistics Malaysia
{| class="toccolours sortable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align: right;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|[[States of Malaysia|State]]<ref name="2020 census">{{cite web |url=https://tableau.dosm.gov.my/t/BPPD-BahagianperangkaanpendudukdanDemografi/views/MyCenDashEnglish/STATE?%3Adisplay_count=n&%3Aembed=y&%3AisGuestRedirectFromVizportal=y&%3Aorigin=viz_share_link&%3AshowAppBanner=false&%3AshowVizHome=n |title=Census Dashboard |publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia |access-date=21 February 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112144615/https://tableau.dosm.gov.my/t/BPPD-BahagianperangkaanpendudukdanDemografi/views/MyCenDashEnglish/STATE?:display_count=n&:embed=y&:isGuestRedirectFromVizportal=y&:origin=viz_share_link&:showAppBanner=false&:showVizHome=n |url-status=dead }}</ref>!! Population !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Pop. density !! Urban pop.(%) !! [[Bumiputra]] (%) !! Chinese (%) !! Indian (%)
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Johor
| 4,009,670 || 18,987 || 210
| {{percentage bar|width=70|77.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|60.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|32.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|6.6}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Kedah
| 2,131,427|| 9,425 || 225
| {{percentage bar|width=70|67.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|80.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|12.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|6.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Kelantan
| 1,792,501 || 15,024 || 119
| {{percentage bar|width=70|44.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|96.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|2.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Malacca
| 998,428 || 1,652 || 604
| {{percentage bar|width=70|90.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|71.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|22.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|5.6}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Negeri Sembilan
| 1,199,974 || 6,644 || 180
| {{percentage bar|width=70|69.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|63.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|21.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|14.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Pahang
| 1,591,295 || 35,965 || 44
| {{percentage bar|width=70|52.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|81.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|14.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|3.7}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Penang
| 1,740,405 || 1,031 || 1,686
| {{percentage bar|width=70|92.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|44.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|44.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|9.7}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Perak
| 2,496,041 || 21,005 || 119
| {{percentage bar|width=70|72.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|60.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|27.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|11.5}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Perlis
| 284,885 || 795 || 348
| {{percentage bar|width=70|53.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|88.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|7.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|1.8}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Selangor
| 6,994,423 || 7,960 || 882
| {{percentage bar|width=70|95.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|60.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|27.3}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|11.3}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Terengganu
| 1,149,440 || 12,955 || 89
| {{percentage bar|width=70|64.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|97.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|2.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|Sabah
| 3,418,785 || 73,619 || 46
| {{percentage bar|width=70|54.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|88.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|9.5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"| Sarawak
| 2,453,677 || 124,450 || 20
| {{percentage bar|width=70|57.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|75.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|23.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.2}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|FT Kuala Lumpur
| 1,982,112 || 243 || 8,157
| {{percentage bar|width=70|100.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|47.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|41.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|10.0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|FT Labuan
| 95,120 || 92 || 1038
| {{percentage bar|width=70|88.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|86.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|11.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|1.1}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"|FT Putrajaya
| 109,202|| 49 || 2,215
| {{percentage bar|width=70|100.0}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|97.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|0.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=70|1.2}}
|}

===Population age distribution trends for 2001–2016===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
! style="width:50px;"|Year
! < 15 Years
! 15 - 64 Years
! > 64 Years
! Population (in millions)
|-
! 2001
| {{percentage bar|32.7}}
| {{percentage bar|63.4}}
| {{percentage bar|3.9}}
| 24.12
|-
! 2002
| {{percentage bar|31.9}}
| {{percentage bar|64.1}}
| {{percentage bar|4.0}}
| 24.72
|-
! 2004
| {{percentage bar|30.4}}
| {{percentage bar|65.5}}
| {{percentage bar|4.1}}
| 25.91
|-
! 2005
| {{percentage bar|29.7}}
| {{percentage bar|66.1}}
| {{percentage bar|4.2}}
| 26.48
|-
! 2006
| {{percentage bar|29.2}}
| {{percentage bar|66.5}}
| {{percentage bar|4.3}}
| 26.83
|-
! 2007
| {{percentage bar|28.7}}
| {{percentage bar|66.9}}
| {{percentage bar|4.4}}
| 27.00
|-
! 2008
| {{percentage bar|28.2}}
| {{percentage bar|67.3}}
| {{percentage bar|4.5}}
| 27.54
|-
! 2009
| {{percentage bar|27.7}}
| {{percentage bar|67.7}}
| {{percentage bar|4.6}}
| 27.90
|-
! 2010
| {{percentage bar|27.2}}
| {{percentage bar|68.1}}
| {{percentage bar|4.7}}
| 28.25
|-
! 2015
| {{percentage bar|24.9}}
| {{percentage bar|69.3}}
| {{percentage bar|5.8}}
| 31.20
|-
! 2016
| {{percentage bar|24.5}}
| {{percentage bar|69.5}}
| {{percentage bar|6.0}}
| 31.71
|}

Data from July 2010.<ref name="age distribution">[http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/images/stories/files/LatestReleases/population/msia_broadage_1963-2010.pdf Population by Age Group (1963–2010), Department of Statistics Malaysia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821021642/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/images/stories/files/LatestReleases/population/msia_broadage_1963-2010.pdf |date=21 August 2010 }}</ref>

=== Structure of the population ===
[[File:Bevölkerungspyramide Malaysia 2016.png|thumb|Population pyramid]]

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2011) (Data refer to projections based on the 2000 Population Census.):<ref>{{cite web |title=UNSD – Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/index.cshtml |website=unstats.un.org |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |access-date=9 November 2018 |language=en |archive-date=12 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084424/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/index.cshtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:80px;"|Age Group
! style="width:80px;"|Male
! style="width:80px;"|Female
! style="width:80px;"|Total
! style="width:80px;"|%
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| Total
|| 14 523 912
|| 14 028 800
|| 28 552 712 
|| 100
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 0–4
|| 1 257 227
|| 1 197 893
|| 2 455 120
|| 8.60
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 5–9
|| 1 258 724
|| 1 200 377
|| 2 459 101
|| 8.61
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 10–14
|| 1 407 479
|| 1 333 133
|| 2 740 612
|| 9.60
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 15–19
|| 1 382 650
|| 1 298 541
|| 2 681 191
|| 9.39
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 20–24
|| 1 305 753
|| 1 255 439
|| 2 561 192
|| 8.97
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 25–29
|| 1 225 425
|| 1 202 220
|| 2 427 645
|| 8.50
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 30–34
|| 1 156 987
|| 1 133 836
|| 2 290 823
|| 8.02
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 35–39
|| 1 084 255
|| 1 055 838
|| 2 140 093
|| 7.50
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 40–44
|| 1 021 261
|| 980 714
|| 2 001 975
|| 7.01
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 45–49
|| 923 951
|| 878 655
|| 1 802 606
|| 6.31
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 50–54
|| 780 930
|| 741 641
|| 1 522 571
|| 5.33
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 55–59
|| 627 320
|| 599 062
|| 1 226 382
|| 4.30
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 60–64
|| 440 893
|| 421 490
|| 862 383
|| 3.02
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 65–69
|| 276 593
|| 276 416
|| 553 009
|| 1.94
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 70–74
|| 180 583
|| 198 929
|| 379 512
|| 1.33
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 75–79
|| 104 871
|| 127 903
|| 232 774
|| 0.82
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 80–84
|| 56 445
|| 73 578
|| 130 023
|| 0.46
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 85–89
|| 22 803 
|| 31 736
|| 54 539
|| 0.19
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 90+
|| 9 762
|| 21 399
|| 31 161
|| 0.11
|-
! style="width:50px;"|Age group 
! style="width:80px;"|Male
! style="width:80px;"|Female
! style="width:80px;"|Total
! style="width:50px;"|Percent
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 0–14
|| 3 923 430
|| 3 731 403
|| 7 654 833
|| 26.81
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 15–64
|| 9 949 425
|| 9 567 436
|| 19 516 861
|| 68.35
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 65+
|| 651 057
|| 729 961
|| 1 381 018
|| 4.84
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2015) (Estimates based on the adjusted Population and Housing Census of 2010.):<ref>{{cite web |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/2015.pdf |title= 2015 Demographic Yearbook |page= 225 |work= United Nations |access-date= 4 June 2017 |archive-date= 15 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171015051226/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/2015.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:80px;"|Age Group
! style="width:80px;"|Male
! style="width:80px;"|Female
! style="width:80px;"|Total
! style="width:80px;"|%
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| Total
|| 15 994 299
|| 15 001 407
|| 30 995 706
|| 100
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 0–4
|| 1 342 280
|| 1 250 354
|| 2 592 634
|| 8.36
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 5–9
|| 1 290 296
|| 1 220 033
|| 2 510 329
|| 8.10
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 10–14
|| 1 361 753
|| 1 289 823
|| 2 651 576
|| 8.55
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 15–19
|| 1 467 520
|| 1 374 861
|| 2 842 381
|| 9.17
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 20–24
|| 1 666 826
|| 1 512 363
|| 3 179 189
|| 10.26
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 25–29
|| 1 636 156
|| 1 453 738
|| 3 089 894
|| 9.97
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 30–34
|| 1 421 538
|| 1 277 508
|| 2 699 046
|| 8.71
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 35–39
|| 1 122 020
|| 1 012 167
|| 2 134 187
|| 6.89
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 40–44
|| 966 696
|| 919 886
|| 1 886 582
|| 6.09
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 45–49
|| 866 201
|| 857 006
|| 1 723 207
|| 5.56
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 50–54
|| 802 194
|| 754 597
|| 1 556 791
|| 5.02
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 55–59
|| 662 308
|| 642 015
|| 1 304 323
|| 4.21
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 60–64
|| 504 442
|| 495 056
|| 999 498
|| 3.22
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 65–69
|| 370 875
|| 378 953
|| 749 828 
|| 2.42
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 70–74
|| 225 299
|| 236 337
|| 461 636
|| 1.49
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 75–79
|| 151 764
|| 168 867
|| 320 631
|| 1.03
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 80–84
|| 73 949
|| 85 206 
|| 159 155
|| 0.51
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 85–89
|| 38 547
|| 47 792
|| 86 339
|| 0.28
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 90–94
|| 13 383
|| 14 359
|| 27 742
|| 0.09
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 95+
|| 10 252
|| 10 486
|| 20 738
|| 0.07
|-
! style="width:50px;"|Age group 
! style="width:80px;"|Male
! style="width:80px;"|Female
! style="width:80px;"|Total
! style="width:50px;"|Percent
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 0–14
|| 3 994 329
|| 3 760 210
|| 7 754 539
|| 25.02
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 15–64
|| 11 115 901
|| 10 299 197
|| 21 415 098
|| 69.09
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 65+
|| 884 069
|| 942 000
|| 1 826 069
|| 5.89
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Estimates based on the adjusted results of the Population and Housing Census of 2010.):<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |publisher=Unstats.un.org |date= |accessdate=2022-06-25 |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414000805/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:80pt;"|Age Group
! style="width:80pt;"|Male
! style="width:80pt;"|Female
! style="width:80pt;"|Total
! style="width:80pt;"|%
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| Total
|| 16 805 601
|| 15 851 659 
|| 32 657 260
|| 100
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 0–4
|| 1 313 211
|| 1 228 960
|| 2 542 171
|| 7.78
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 5–9
|| 1 321 691 
|| 1 232 295
|| 2 553 986
|| 7.82
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 10–14
|| 1 288 772
|| 1 215 312
|| 2 504 084
|| 7.67
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 15–19
|| 1 468 340
|| 1 367 361
|| 2 835 701
|| 8.68
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 20–24
|| 1 649 108
|| 1 483 506
|| 3 132 614
|| 9.59
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 25–29
|| 1 729 641
|| 1 518 081
|| 3 247 722
|| 9.94
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 30–34
|| 1 503 303
|| 1 374 201
|| 2 877 504
|| 8.81
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 35–39
|| 1 325 416
|| 1 243 400
|| 2 568 816
|| 7.87
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 40–44
|| 1 041 407
|| 969 239
|| 2 010 646
|| 6.16
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 45–49
|| 900 990
|| 878 715
|| 1 779 705
|| 5.45
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 50–54
|| 809 250
|| 824 736
|| 1 633 986
|| 5.00
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 55–59
|| 744 683
|| 723 021
|| 1 467 704
|| 4.49
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 60–64
|| 604 050
|| 605 327
|| 1 209 377
|| 3.70
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 65-69
|| 442 747
|| 458 890
|| 901 637
|| 2.76
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 70-74
|| 310 254
|| 336 607
|| 646 861
|| 1.98
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 75-79
|| 171 384
|| 194 969
|| 366 353
|| 1.12
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 80-84
|| 101 116
|| 119 005
|| 220 121
|| 0.67
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 85+
|| 80 238
|| 78 034
|| 158 272
|| 0.48
|-
! style="width:50px;"|Age group 
! style="width:80pt;"|Male
! style="width:80px;"|Female
! style="width:80px;"|Total
! style="width:50px;"|Percent
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 0–14
|| 3 923 674
|| 3 676 567
|| 7 600 241
|| 23.27
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 15–64
|| 11 776 188
|| 10 987 587
|| 22 763 775
|| 69.71
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 65+
|| 1 105 739
|| 1 187 505
|| 2 293 244
|| 7.02
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Age specific population by ethnic group 2021
|-
! Age groups || 0–14 || 15–64 || 65-over
|-
| Malays || 31% || 63.9% || 5.1%
|-
| Chinese || 12.3% || 72.7% || 15%
|-
| Indians || 16.6% || 75.4% || 8%
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of races by age at first marriage
|-
! Races || Men || Women|| Average||Year
|-
| Malays || 22.4 || 19.3 || 20.9||2020
|-
| Chinese || 34.6 || 31.7 || 33.2||2019
|-
| Indians || 27.3 || 23.2 || 25.3|| 2020
|}

===Major cities===
{{Main|List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population#Largest urban agglomerations}}

[[Kuala Lumpur]] is the capital and largest city of Malaysia. Although many executive and judicial branches of the federal government have moved to [[Putrajaya]], Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the [[Parliament of Malaysia]], making it the country's legislative capital. It is also the economic and business centre of the country, and is a [[primate city]]. Kuala Lumpur is also the only Alpha-rated [[global city]] in Malaysia. Along with [[Subang Jaya]], [[Klang, Malaysia|Klang]], [[Petaling Jaya]], [[Shah Alam]], [[Kajang-Sungai Chua]], [[Ampang Jaya]] and [[Selayang]] it forms the country's largest and most important urban area, the [[Klang Valley]].

[[George Town, Penang|George Town]], the capital city of [[Penang]] used to be Malaysia's largest and only city until the 1970s when Kuala Lumpur was granted city status. Today, George Town, rated a [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network#2024 city classification|Gamma global city]], serves as the financial, industrial and medical tourism hub in the northern region of Malaysia. Together with [[Seberang Perai]], [[Sungai Petani]], [[Kulim District|Kulim]], [[Bandar Baharu District|Bandar Baharu]], [[Yan District|Yan]], and portions of [[Kerian District|Kerian]] and [[Larut, Matang and Selama District|Selama]], it forms the [[George Town Conurbation]], the nation's second largest metropolitan area with a population of over 2.84 million.

The third largest urban area in Malaysia is situated at the country's southern end, comprising the cities of [[Johor Bahru]], [[Iskandar Puteri]] and [[Pasir Gudang]], along with [[Kulai]] and Pontian. Located next to [[Singapore]], it is also an important industrial, tourism and commercial hub for southern Malaysia.

Other major cities in Malaysia include [[Ipoh]], [[Kota Kinabalu]] and [[Kuching]].
{{Largest cities of Malaysia|class=info}}