Editing Demographics of Latvia (section)

==History==
[[File:Ethnic Composition Latvia.jpg|thumb|Ethnic Composition of Latvia 1863–1935]]
[[Latvia]] was settled by Baltic tribes some three millennia ago. The territories along the eastern Baltic first came under foreign domination at the beginning of the 13th century, with the formal establishment of Riga in 1201 under the German [[Teutonic Knights]].

Latvia, in whole or in part, remained under foreign rule for the next eight centuries, finding itself at the crossroads of all the regional superpowers of their day, including [[Denmark]] (the Danes held on lands around the [[Gulf of Riga]]), [[Sweden]], and [[Russia]], with southern (Courland) Latvia being at one time a vassal to Poland-Lithuania as well as Latgale falling directly under Poland-Lithuania rule. Through all this time, Latvia remained largely under Baltic German hegemony, with Baltic Germans comprising the largest land-owners, a situation which did not change until Latvia's independence.

Historically, Latvia has had significant [[German people|German]], [[Russian people|Russian]], [[Jews|Jewish]], [[Polish people|Polish]], [[Belarusians in Latvia|Belarusian]] and [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] minorities. The majority (roughly two thirds) of Latvians, under Swedish influences, adopted Lutheranism, while the minority (the remaining third) of Latvians under Poland-Lithuania, Latgale in particular, retained Catholicism. [[Aglona]], in Latgale, has been the site of annual Catholic pilgrimage for centuries, even through to today. During the [[Second World War]] the Jewish population was largely decimated by [[Nazi Germany]] as part of the [[holocaust]].  

Recently{{when?|date=April 2023}} introduced immigration law in Latvia provides framework for immigration through investment in various financial areas or real estate. In 2012, solely 2,435<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.immigration-residency.eu/faq/latvia-real-estate-statistics-residence-permit-requests-history/|title=Statistics{{Snd}} residence permit requests|website=Immigration-residency.eu|date=2013|access-date=22 June 2015|archive-date=22 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622050138/http://www.immigration-residency.eu/faq/latvia-real-estate-statistics-residence-permit-requests-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> applications for residence permit by investment in real estate were received by Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs. The main immigrant countries are [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Lithuania]] (Lithuania is in the [[European Union]], thus no investment is needed). Moreover, Latvia receives residence permit applications from people of nationalities such as [[Afghans]], [[Chinese people|Chinese]], [[Libyans]] and people from various other distant countries.{{Historical populations
| type =
| percentages = pagr
| footnote = Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=Number of Resident Population in Latvia|url=http://www.csb.gov.lv/node/30756|website=Central Statistics Office of Latvia|access-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508075113/http://www.csb.gov.lv/node/30756|archive-date=8 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Population Census 2011 – Key Indicators|url=http://www.csb.gov.lv/node/33613|website=Central Statistics Office of Latvia|access-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529220509/http://www.csb.gov.lv/node/33613|archive-date=29 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Latvijas 2021. gada tautas un mājokļu skaitīšanas galvenie rezultāti|url=https://stat.gov.lv/lv/statistikas-temas/iedzivotaji/iedzivotaju-skaits/publikacijas-un-infografikas/15008-tautas|url-status=dead|access-date=19 January 2023|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119212359/https://stat.gov.lv/lv/statistikas-temas/iedzivotaji/iedzivotaju-skaits/publikacijas-un-infografikas/15008-tautas}}</ref>
| 1863 | 1240988
| 1897 | 1929387
| 1914 | 2552000
| 1920 | 1596131
| 1925 | 1844805
| 1930 | 1900045
| 1935 | 1950936
| 1943 | 1760162
| 1950 | 1943146
| 1959 | 2079948
| 1970 | 2351903
| 1979 | 2502816
| 1989 | 2666567
| 2000 | 2377383
| 2011 | 2070371
| 2021 | 1893223
| 2024 | 1862700
}}

Over 130,000 persons have been naturalized as Latvian citizens since 1995 and 182,375 persons, as of 2022, live in Latvia with non-citizen's passports. Large numbers of Russians, as well as some Ukrainians and [[Belarusians]] remained in Latvia after the fall of the Soviet Union.

According to the provisional results of the Population and Housing Census 2011, the total population of Latvia on 1 March 2011 was 2,067,887. Since the previous census in 2000 the country's population decreased by 309,000 or 13%.<ref name="csb.gov.lv">{{cite web|url=http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-census-2011-key-indicators-33613.html|title=Population Census 2011{{Snd}} Key Indicators{{Snd}} Latvijas statistika|website=Csb.gov.lv|access-date=7 November 2017|archive-date=10 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610225219/http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-census-2011-key-indicators-33613.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Based on the Population and Housing Census 2021, the total population of Latvia on 1 January 2021 was 1,893,223. Since the previous census in 2011 the country's population decreased by 174,664 or 8.5%. The proportion of ethnic Latvians increased to 62.7% of the population.<ref name="stat.gov.lv">{{Cite web |title=Latvijas 2021. gada tautas un mājokļu skaitīšanas galvenie rezultāti |url=https://stat.gov.lv/lv/statistikas-temas/iedzivotaji/iedzivotaju-skaits/publikacijas-un-infografikas/15008-tautas |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=stat.gov.lv |language=lv |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119212359/https://stat.gov.lv/lv/statistikas-temas/iedzivotaji/iedzivotaju-skaits/publikacijas-un-infografikas/15008-tautas |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Livonians]] are the other indigenous ethnic group, with about 250 of them remaining.<ref>{{cite web|title=Livonians (Livs) {{!}} On Latvia|url=https://www.onlatvia.com/livonians-livs-56|access-date=6 May 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412123231/https://www.onlatvia.com/livonians-livs-56|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Latgalians (modern)|Latgalians]] are a distinctive subgroup of Latvians inhabiting or coming from [[Latgale|Eastern Latvia]].

According to rankings provided by the United States Census Bureau—International Data Base (IDB)—Country Rankings, Latvia is estimated to have a population of 1,249,812 in the year 2050.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php|title=International Data Base Country Rankings|website=Census.gov|access-date=25 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060848/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php|archive-date=29 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{GraphChart
| width = 600
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle = year
| yAxisTitle = million
| yAxisMin =
| yGrid = 0,1
| xGrid = 10
| legend =
| type = line
| x = 1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022

| y1 = 1.73,1.85,1.88,1.91,1.85,1.86,1.87,1.88,1.9,1.9,1.91,1.92,1.93,1.94,1.95,1.95,1.96,1.97,1.98,2,1.94,1.75,1.75,1.76,,,1.55,1.72,1.86,1.89,1.88,1.89,1.9,1.91,1.94,1.97,2,2.04,2.07,2.08,2.1,2.14,2.17,2.2,2.23,2.26,2.28,2.29,2.31,2.33,2.35,2.37,2.39,2.4,2.43,2.45,2.46,2.48,2.49,2.5,2.51,2.51,2.52,2.54,2.55,2.57,2.59,2.61,2.64,2.67,2.67,2.66,2.64,2.59,2.54,2.5,2.47,2.44,2.42,2.4,2.38,2.35,2.32,2.3,2.28,2.25,2.23,2.21,2.19,2.16,2.12,2.07,2.04,2.02,2,1.99,1.97,1.95,1.934,1.920,1.907,1.893, 1.88
 
| y1Title = population (million)
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{{GraphChart
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| x = 1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022

| y1 =
-2.6,6.0,7.2,8.2,6.9,7.3,7.2,6.7,6.2,3.8,5.6,5.3,5.7,4.3,3.2,3.5,4.0,3.4,4.9,4.6,3.6,3.4,3.6,3.5,,,1.1,1.3,4.8,5.3,4.7,4.7,5.0,4.3,5.5,5.9,6.1,6.1,6.8,5.9,6.7,6.6,5.3,5.0,5.3,3.7,3.8,3.4,3.3,2.9,3.3,3.8,3.2,2.4,2.8,1.9,1.7,1.4,1.2,1.0,1.4,1.4,2.5,3.2,2.9,2.1,4.1,3.8,3.3,2.4,1.2,-0.0,-1.5,-4.9,-6.9,-7.0,-5.9,-6.0,-6.6,-5.6,-5.0,-5.7,-5.3,-4.9,-5.1,-4.9,-4.7,-4.3,-3.1,-3.6,-4.8,-4.8,-4.4,-4.0,-3.5,-3.3,-3.3,-4.0,-5.0,-4.7,-5.9, -9.0

| y2 = ,-1.7,60.5,10.3,5.4,-41.6,-0.9,0.3,-0.4,0.1,-1.1,-0.4,0,0,-0.1,0.9,-0.4,0.1,0.1,0.2,6.4,-34.6,-108.8,-6.5,2.3,,,,93.7,70.4,10.8,-6.2,-1.6,-0.5,3.2,8,8,8.3,16.2,5.4,0.6,4.8,9.1,8.4,7.7,8.4,9.1,5.8,2.2,6.7,6.4,4.1,2.3,5.1,5.3,6.1,6.7,5.1,3.9,4.9,3.2,0.9,0.9,1.3,2.2,3.4,4,2.7,5.5,7.6,6.9,-0.3,-3.7,-4.3,-17.4,-10.7,-9.2,-6.7,-4.1,-3.4,-3.4,-2.4,-6.4,-8.6,-4.5,-5,-7.1,-5.2,-4.5,-4.8,-9.8,-15.1,-17.4,-10.1,-6.4,-7.8,-4.5,-5.3,-5.6,-3.2,-2.9,-0.5,1.4


| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
| y2Title=Crude migration change (per 1000)
}}

{{GraphChart
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| height = 150
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| yAxisTitle = TFR
| yAxisMin =
| yGrid = 0,1
| xGrid = 10
| hAnnotatonsLine = 2.1
| hAnnotatonsLabel =
| legend =
| type = line
| x = 1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021, 2022

| y1= 1.99,2.01,1.91,1.85,1.79,1.74,1.76,1.80,1.83,1.88,2.01,2.04,2.03,1.96,2.00,1.96,1.93,1.88,1.86,1.87,1.90,1.90,1.98,2.13,2.15,2.09,2.21,2.21,2.16,2.04,2.00,1.85,1.74,1.52,1.41,1.27,1.18,1.13,1.11,1.18,1.24,1.22,1.25,1.32,1.29,1.38,1.46,1.54,1.59,1.47,1.36,1.34,1.45,1.53,1.65,1.71,1.74,1.70,1.61,1.61,1.55, 1.57

| y1Title=Total fertility rate
}}