Editing Deep frying (section)

==History==
[[File:Peixinhos da horta.jpg|thumb|left|225px|alt=Pieces of bell pepper in a thin bubbly batter|''[[Peixinhos da horta]]'', the Portuguese ancestor of Japanese [[tempura]]]]

The English expression ''deep-fried'' is attested from the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|title="deep", adj.|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/48625|website=Oxford English Dictionary Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=24 May 2015|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title="deep", v.|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/48626|website=Oxford English Dictionary Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=24 May 2015|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Deep-fried dough known as [[Zalabiyeh]] was eaten as early as the late 2nd millennium BCE in [[Canaan]]. Frying food in [[olive oil]] is attested in [[Classical Greece]] from about the 5th century BCE.<ref name=cooksinfo>{{cite web|title=Deep-Fried Foods|url=http://www.cooksinfo.com/deep-fried-foods|website=cooksinfo.com|publisher=Cooks Info|access-date=18 May 2015 | quote = The ancient Greeks began frying foods in olive oil sometime around or after the 5th century BC. Frying foods in oil was common in [[Rome]], certainly by the 1st century AD. Olive oil was mostly used, as it was plentiful. The Roman word was 'frigere.'}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=September 2017}}{{Better source needed|date=July 2020}} The 5th century CE Roman cookbook [[Apicius]] offers a recipe for deep fried chicken in a cream sauce "''Pullus leucozomus''".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Curtius |first=Lacus |title=Apicius, De Re Coquinaria — Book VI |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/6*.html#IX |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> The practice of deep frying spread to other parts of [[Europe]] and [[America]] in the following centuries. Deep-fried foods such as [[funnel cake]]s arrived in northern Europe by the 13th century,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lapetina|first1=Adam|title=The true origins of 11 of your favorite fried foods|url=http://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/where-fried-foods-came-from-corn-dogs-mozzarella-sticks-fried-candy-bars|website=thrillist.com|date=22 July 2014 |publisher=Trillist|access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> and deep-fried fish recipes have been found in cookbooks in Spain and Portugal at around the same time<!-- "around the same time" means the 13th century"-->. [[Falafel]] arrived in the [[Middle East]] from [[Egypt]] as early as the 14th century.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Antunes|first1=Sonny|title=Falafel, a dish the entire Middle East can agree on|url=https://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/falafel-middle-east/|website=finedininglovers.com|publisher=Fine Dining Lovers|access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Guttman|first1=Vered|title=No matter where it originated, falafel is still Israel's national food|url=http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/modern-manna/no-matter-where-it-originated-falafel-is-still-israel-s-national-food-1.426265|access-date=18 May 2015|work=Haaretz|date=24 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=I. D.|first1=Morton|title=Geography and history of the frying process|url=http://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/viewFile/745/736|website=grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es|access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>

[[French fries]], invented in the late 18th century, became popular in the early 19th century western Europe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Who invented french fries? France and Belgium battle over who invented fried, crispy potato perfection|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/france-belgium-invented-french-fries-article-1.1230918|access-date=18 May 2015|agency=AFP RELAXNEWS|work=Daily News|location=New York|date=1 January 2013}}</ref> In 1860, Joseph Malin combined [[Fish and chips|deep fried fish with chips]] (french fries) to open the first fish and chip shop in London.<ref name="ex">{{cite web|url=http://theex.com/main/food/milestones-in-deep-fried-history/the-history-of-fried-food|title=The History of Fried Food|website=theex.com|publisher=Canadian National Exhibition|access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>

Modern deep frying in the United States began in the 19th century with the growing popularity of [[cast iron]], particularly around the [[Southern United States|American South]] which led to the development of many modern deep-fried dishes.<ref name=ex /> [[Doughnut]]s were invented in the mid-18th century,<ref>"'Old Salt' Doughnut hole inventor tells just how discovery was made and stomachs of earth saved." Special to ''The Washington Post''; ''The Washington Post'' (1877–1954), Washington, D.C.; 26 March 1916; p. ES9</ref> with foods such as [[onion ring]]s,<ref>{{cite web|title=Onion Ring|url=http://ifood.tv/onion/onion-ring/about|website=ifood.tv|access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> [[deep fried turkey|deep-fried turkey]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moss|first1=Robert|title=How Cajun deep fried turkey took over America|url=http://www.seriouseats.com/2014/11/history-origins-southern-deep-fried-turkey-thanksgiving.html|website=seriouseats.com|publisher=Serious Eats|access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> and [[corn dog]]s<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-science-of-corn-dogs/ |first= Rome |last= Neal |date= 4 October 2002 |title= The science of corn dogs | work= [[CBS News]] |access-date=18 May 2015 |quote=Corn dogs are a food that we know from fall festivals, carnivals and tailgating. It actually got its start when German immigrants moved into Texas. Some of these new German immigrants were sausage-makers by trade, but had a hard time selling their wares in Texas. So, as a ploy, they took sausages, rolled them in a cornbread batter and fried them. The sticks came later.}}</ref> all being invented in the early 20th century. In recent years, the growth of [[fast food]] has expanded the reach of deep-fried foods,<ref name="Schreifer Sivell 1997 p. 11-PA2">{{cite book | last1=Schreifer | first1=K. | last2=Sivell | first2=J. | title=20 Questions-- Answered | publisher=Full Blast Productions | series=20 Questions-- Answered, Book One | year=1997 | isbn=978-1-895451-21-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoBeAtTPDiYC&pg=SA11-PA2}}</ref> especially french fries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}