Editing December 11 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[220]] &ndash; [[Emperor Xian of Han]] is forced to abdicate the throne by [[Cao Cao]]'s son [[Cao Pi]], [[End of the Han dynasty|ending the Han dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book|last=De Crespigny|first=Rage|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD)|location=Leiden, Netherlands|publisher=Brill|date=2007|isbn=9789004156050|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49OvCQAAQBAJ|pages=ix, 555}}</ref>
* [[361]] &ndash; [[Julian (emperor)|Julian]] enters [[Constantinople]] as sole [[Roman emperor|Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenwood|first=David Neal|title=Julian and Christianity: Revisiting the Constantinian Revolution|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|publisher=Cornell University Press|date=2021|isbn=9781501755477|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ze78DwAAQBAJ|page=37}}</ref>
* [[861]] &ndash; Assassination of the [[Abbasid]] caliph [[al-Mutawakkil]] by the Turkish guard, who raise [[al-Muntasir]] to the throne, start of the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]".<ref>{{cite book|last=Mottahedeh|first=Roy|chapter=The 'Abbāsid Caliphate in Iran|title=The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs|editor-last=Frye|editor-first=R.N.|location=Cambridge, U.K.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1975|isbn=9780521069359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC|pages=77–78}}</ref>
* [[969]] &ndash; [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Nikephoros II Phokas]] is assassinated by his wife [[Theophano (born Anastaso)|Theophano]] and her lover, the later Emperor [[John I Tzimiskes]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Denis F.|chapter=Nikephoros II Phokas|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Volume 3: Mercenaries—Zürich, Siege of|editor-last=Rogers|editor-first=Clifford J.|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2010|isbn=9780195334036|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC|page=60}}</ref>
*[[1041]] &ndash; [[Michael V Kalaphates|Michael V]], adoptive son of Empress [[Zoë Porphyrogenita|Zoë of Byzantium]], is proclaimed emperor of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Skylitzes|first=John|translator-last=Wortley|translator-first=John|title=John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811-1057|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2010|isbn=9781107404748|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C|page=391, fn. 4}}</ref>
*[[1239]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Benavente]]: the heiresses of the [[Kingdom of León]] renounce their throne to King [[Ferdinand III of Castile]]<ref>H. Salvador Martínez, ''Alfonso X, the Learned: A Biography'' (Brill, 2010), p. 32.</ref>
*[[1282]] &ndash; [[Battle of Orewin Bridge]]: [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], the last native [[Prince of Wales]], is killed at [[Cilmeri]] near [[Builth Wells]] in [[Mid Wales|mid-Wales]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=J. Beverley|title=Llywelyn ap Gruffudd: Prince of Wales|location=Cardiff|publisher=University of Wales Press|date=2014|isbn=9781783160068|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yl6uBwAAQBAJ|pages=561–567}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1602]] &ndash; A surprise attack by forces under the command of [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]], and his brother-in-law, [[Philip III of Spain]], is repelled by the citizens of [[Geneva]]. (Commemorated annually by the ''[[L'Escalade|Fête de l'Escalade]]''.)
*[[1640]] &ndash; The [[Root and Branch petition]], signed by 15,000 Londoners calling for the abolition of the [[Episcopal polity|episcopacy]], is presented to the [[Long Parliament]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rees|first1=John|title=The Leveller Revolution|date=2016|publisher=Verso|isbn=978-1784783907|page=2}}</ref>
*[[1675]] &ndash; [[Antonio de Vea expedition]] enters [[San Rafael Lake]] in western Patagonia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile|year=1886|location=Valparaíso|pages=539–596|chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea|author-last=de Vea|author-first=Antonio|chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532|language=es}}</ref>
*[[1688]] &ndash; [[Glorious Revolution]]: [[James II of England]], while trying to flee to France, throws the [[Great Seal of the Realm]] into the [[River Thames]].
*[[1792]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: King [[Louis XVI of France]] [[Trial of Louis XVI|is put on trial for treason]] by the [[National Convention]].
*[[1815]] &ndash; The [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] creates a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency, predecessor of the [[United States Senate Committee on Finance]].
*[[1816]] &ndash; [[Indiana]] becomes the 19th [[U.S. state]].
*[[1868]] &ndash; [[Paraguayan War]]: [[Brazilian Army|Brazilian troops]] defeat the [[Paraguayan Army]] at the [[Battle of Avay]].
*[[1899]] &ndash; [[Second Boer War]]: In the [[Battle of Magersfontein]] the [[Boer]]s commanded by general [[Piet Cronjé]] inflict a defeat on the forces of the [[British Empire]] commanded by [[Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen|Lord Methuen]] trying to relieve the [[Siege of Kimberley]].

===1901–present===
*[[1901]] &ndash; [[Guglielmo Marconi]] transmits the first transatlantic radio signal from [[Poldhu, Cornwall]], England to [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|Saint John's]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Burbank|first=Richard|title=Twentieth Century Music|location=New York City, USA|publisher=Facts on File Publication, New York City, NY|year=1984|isbn=0-87196-464-3|page=11}}|</ref>
*[[1905]] &ndash; A workers' uprising occurs in [[Kyiv]], Ukraine (then part of the [[Russian Empire]]), and establishes the [[Shuliavka Republic]].
*[[1907]] &ndash; The [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings]] are almost completely destroyed by fire.
*[[1913]] &ndash; More than two years after it was stolen from the [[Louvre]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s painting ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' is recovered in [[Florence]], Italy. The thief, [[Vincenzo Peruggia]], is immediately arrested.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mona Lisa Timeline |url=https://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld/mona_lisa/mlevel_1/mtimeline.html| access-date=2021-12-12 |website=www.pbs.org}}</ref>
*[[1917]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: British General [[Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby|Edmund Allenby]] enters [[Jerusalem]] on foot and declares [[martial law]].
*[[1920]] &ndash; [[Irish War of Independence]]: In retaliation for a recent [[Irish Republican Army|IRA]] ambush, British forces [[Burning of Cork|burn and loot numerous buildings in Cork city]]. Many civilians report being beaten, shot at, robbed and verbally abused by British forces.
*[[1925]] &ndash; [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Pope|papal]] [[encyclical]] ''[[Quas primas]]'' introduces the [[Feast of Christ the King]].
*[[1927]] &ndash; [[Guangzhou Uprising]]: [[Communist Party of China|Communist]] [[Red Guards (China)|Red Guards]] launch an uprising in [[Guangzhou]], China, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou [[Soviet (council)|Soviet]].
*[[1931]] &ndash; [[Statute of Westminster 1931]]: The [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] establishes legislative equality between the UK and the [[Dominion]]s of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]&mdash;Australia, Canada, [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], [[Dominion of New Zealand|New Zealand]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]], and [[Irish Free State|Ireland]].
*[[1934]] &ndash; [[Bill W.|Bill Wilson]], co-founder of [[Alcoholics Anonymous]], takes his last drink and enters treatment for the final time.
*[[1936]] &ndash; [[Edward VIII abdication crisis|Abdication Crisis]]: [[Edward VIII]]'s abdication as King of the United Kingdom and the [[Dominion|British Dominions beyond the Seas]], and [[Emperor of India]], becomes effective.
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]]: [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] leaves the [[League of Nations]].
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] and Italy declare war on the United States, following the Americans' declaration of war on the [[Empire of Japan]] in the wake of the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. The United States, in turn, declares war on them.
*  1941   &ndash; World War II: [[Polish government-in-exile|Poland]] declares war on the [[Empire of Japan]].
*  1941   &ndash; World War II: The [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] suffers its first loss of surface vessels during the [[Battle of Wake Island]].
*[[1946]] &ndash; The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund ([[UNICEF]]) is established.
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab–Israeli War]]: The [[United Nations]] passes [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194|General Assembly Resolution 194]], creating a [[United Nations Conciliation Commission|Conciliation Commission]] to mediate the conflict.
*[[1958]] &ndash; [[French Upper Volta]] and [[French Dahomey]] gain self-government from [[French Fourth Republic|France]], becoming the [[Republic of Upper Volta]] (now [[Burkina Faso]]) and the [[Republic of Dahomey]] (now [[Benin]]), respectively, and joining the [[French Community]].
*[[1960]] &ndash; French forces crack down in a violent clash with protesters in [[French Algeria]] during a visit by [[President of France|French President]] [[Charles de Gaulle]].
*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Arthur Lucas]], convicted of murder, is the last person to be [[Capital punishment in Canada|executed in Canada]].
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Che Guevara]] speaks at the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in New York City.
*[[1972]] &ndash; [[Apollo 17]] becomes the sixth and final [[Apollo program|Apollo mission]] to land on the [[Moon]].
*[[1978]] &ndash; The [[Lufthansa heist]] is committed by a group led by [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese family]] associate [[James Burke (gangster)|Jimmy Burke]]. It was the largest cash robbery ever committed on American soil, at that time.
*[[1980]] &ndash; The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ([[Superfund]]) is enacted by the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]].
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[El Mozote massacre]]: Armed forces in [[El Salvador]] kill an estimated 900 civilians in an anti-guerrilla campaign during the [[Salvadoran Civil War]].
*[[1988]] &ndash; A [[Soviet Air Forces|Soviet Air Force]] Il-76 aircraft [[1988 Soviet Air Force Il-76 crash|crashes]] while participating in the [[1988 Armenian earthquake|Armenian earthquake]] relief, killing 78 people.<ref name="Remnick">{{cite news |last1=Remnick |first1=D. |title=Soviet relief plane crashes, killing 78 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/12/12/soviet-relief-plane-crashes-killing-78/cdaea6b8-841d-4d96-8cc8-05dfe7b9ec61/ |access-date=1 January 2023 |agency=The Washington Post |date=12 December 1988}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; Demonstrations by students and workers across [[Albania]] begin, which eventually trigger the [[fall of communism in Albania]].
*  1990   &ndash; Several fatal collisions in the [[1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster]] result in a total of 12 deaths and 42 being injured<ref>{{Cite book |title=Historic Disasters of East Tennessee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j2ijDwAAQBAJ |last=Speaks |first=Dewaine A. |date=2019 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated | isbn=9781439667620 |access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>
*[[1993]] &ndash; A block of the [[Highland Towers collapse|Highland Towers]] [[Condominium (living space)|condominium]] complex collapses following a [[landslide]] caused by heavy rain and water flowing from a construction site at [[Ampang, Kuala Lumpur|Ampang]] district in [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia. 48 of its residents die, including one who died in hospital after being rescued alive, leaving only two survivors.<ref>{{Cite web|last=AFIQAH|date=December 11, 2018|title=26 Years On: The Day The Highland Tower Collapsed|url=https://rojakdaily.com/news/article/4024/24-years-on-the-day-the-highland-tower-collapsed|access-date=|website=Rojak Daily}}</ref>
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[First Chechen War]]: [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] orders Russian troops into [[Chechnya]].
*  1994   &ndash; A bomb explodes on [[Philippine Airlines Flight 434]], en route from [[Manila]], [[Philippines]], to Tokyo, Japan, killing one. The captain is able to land the plane safely.
*[[1997]] &ndash; The [[Kyoto Protocol]] opens for signature.
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Thai Airways International Flight 261|Thai Airways Flight 261 crashes]] near [[Surat Thani Airport]], killing 101. The pilot flying the [[Airbus A310-200]] is thought to have suffered [[spatial disorientation]].
*[[1999]] &ndash; [[SATA Air Açores Flight 530M]] crashes into [[Pico da Esperança]] on [[São Jorge Island]] in the [[Azores]], killing 35.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace ATP CS-TGM São Jorge Island, Azores|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991211-0|access-date=2020-12-08|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[2001]] &ndash; China joins the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO).
*[[2005]] &ndash; The [[Buncefield fire|Buncefield Oil Depot catches fire]] in [[Hemel Hempstead]], England.
*  2005   &ndash; [[2005 Cronulla riots|Cronulla riots]]: Thousands of White Australians demonstrate against ethnic violence resulting in a riot against anyone thought to be [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] in [[Cronulla, New South Wales]]; these are followed up by retaliatory ethnic attacks on Cronulla.
*[[2006]] &ndash; The [[International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust]] is opened in [[Tehran]], [[Iran]], by then-president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]; nations such as Israel and the United States express concern.
*  2006   &ndash; [[Felipe Calderón]], the [[President of Mexico]], launches a [[Operation Michoacán|military-led offensive]] to put down the drug cartel violence in the state of [[Michoacán]]. This effort is often regarded as the first event in the [[Mexican Drug War]].
*[[2007]] &ndash; [[Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)|Insurgency in the Maghreb]]: [[December 11, 2007 Algiers bombings|Two car bombs explode]] in [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]], one near the Supreme Constitutional Court and the other near the offices of the United Nations.
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Bernie Madoff]] is arrested and charged with securities fraud in a $50&nbsp;billion [[Ponzi scheme]].
*[[2009]] &ndash; Finnish game developer [[Rovio Entertainment]] releases the hit mobile game ''[[Angry Birds (video game)|Angry Birds]]'' internationally on [[iOS]].<ref name="tmo">{{cite web|date=February 11, 2010|title=Angry Birds|url=http://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=36184|access-date=March 24, 2011|work=Talk.Maemo.org}}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; At least 125 people are killed and up to 200 injured in [[Aqrab massacre|bombings]] in the [[Alawite]] village of [[Aqrab]], [[Syria]].
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[2017 New York City Subway bombing|New York City Subway bombing]]: A pipe bomb partially detonates in the [[New York City Subway]], in the [[Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal (New York City Subway)|Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal]]. Four people are injured, including the perpetrator.
*[[2019]] &ndash; The results of the [[2019 Bougainvillean independence referendum]] are announced. The results are overwhelmingly one-sided. Over 98% of voters vote for [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]]'s independence.<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Jessie|last1=Yeung|first2=Angus|last2=Watson|title=Bougainville votes for independence from Papua New Guinea|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/11/asia/bougainville-papua-new-guinea-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=CNN|date=11 December 2019}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; The [[Food and Drug Administration]] issues an [[Emergency Use Authorization]] on the [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine]], the first [[COVID-19 vaccine]] to be approved by the agency.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2022-01-05|title=CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline|url=https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covid19.html|access-date=2022-01-11|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us}}</ref>