Editing David Ben-Gurion (section)

== Early life ==
[[File:Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - POALEI ZION.jpg|thumb|Poalei Zion's "Ezra" group in [[Płońsk]], 1905. David Grün (David Ben-Gurion) in the first row, third on the right]]
[[File:POALEI ZION GROUP "EZRA" IN PLONSK SHOWING DAVID GREEN (BEN GURION). קבוצת "עזרא" של פועלי ציון, בפלונסק בפולין. בין חברי הקבוצה דוד גרין (בן גוריון)..jpg|thumb|Ben-Gurion with Rachel Nelkin and members of Ezra on eve of their departure to Palestine, August 1906; his father and stepmother sitting in the windows]]
[[File:ראשון לציון - דוד בן גוריון עם חבריו לעבודה ביקב-JNF020521.jpeg|thumb|Ben-Gurion working at [[Rishon Lezion]] winery (front row, 6th from right), 1908]]

=== Childhood and education ===
David Ben-Gurion was born in [[Płońsk]] in [[Congress Poland]]{{Emdash}}then part of the [[Russian Empire]], to [[Polish Jewish]] parents. His father, Avigdor Grün, was a ''pokątny doradca'' (secret adviser), navigating his clients through the often corrupt Imperial legal system.<ref>[[Shabtai Teveth|Teveth, Shabtai]] (1987) ''Ben-Gurion. The Burning Ground. 1886–1948''. Houghton Mifflin. {{ISBN|978-0-395-35409-4}}. p. 7</ref> Following the publication of [[Theodore Herzl]]'s ''[[Der Judenstaat]]'' in 1896 Avigdor co-founded a [[Zionist]] group called ''Beni Zion''{{Emdash}}Children of Zion. In 1900 it had a membership of 200.<ref>[[Tom Segev|Segev, Tom]] (2018–2019 translation [[Haim Watzman]]) ''A State at Any Cost. The Life of David Ben-Gurion''. Apollo. {{ISBN|978-1-78954-463-3}}. pp. 24, 25</ref> David was the youngest of three boys with an older and younger sister. His mother, Scheindel (Broitman),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7dtAAAAMAAJ&q=David+Ben-Gurion+Broitman|title=Avotaynu: The International Review of Jewish Genealogy|date=31 August 2018|publisher=G. Mokotoff|access-date=31 August 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> died of [[sepsis]] following a [[stillbirth]] in 1897. It was her eleventh pregnancy.<ref>Segev (2019). pp. 20, 21</ref> Two years later his father remarried.<ref>Teveth (1987). p. 3</ref> Ben-Gurion's birth certificate, found in Poland in 2003, indicated that he had a twin brother who died shortly after birth.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/ben-gurion-may-have-been-a-twin-1.12453|title=Ben-Gurion may have been a twin|newspaper=Haaretz|date=18 April 2003|author=Tsahar Rotem}}</ref> Between the ages of five and 13 Ben-Gurion attended five different [[Cheder|heders]] as well as compulsory Russian classes. Two of the heders were 'modern' and taught in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] rather than [[Yiddish]]. His father could not afford to enrol Ben-Gurion in Płońsk's [[beth midrash]] so Ben-Gurion's formal education ended after his [[bar mitzvah]].<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. 12–13</ref> At the age of 14 he and two friends formed a youth club, ''Ezra'', promoting Hebrew studies and emigration to the Holy Land. The group ran Hebrew classes for local youth and in 1903 collected funds for the victims of the [[Kishinev pogrom]]. One biographer writes that ''Ezra'' had 150 members within a year.<ref name="Teveth 1987 p.14">Teveth (1987) p. 14</ref> A different source estimates the group never had more than "several dozen" members.<ref>Segev (2019). p. 23</ref>

In 1904 Ben-Gurion moved to [[Warsaw]] where he hoped to enrol in the Warsaw Mechanical-Technical School founded by [[Hipolit Wawelberg]]. He did not have sufficient qualifications to matriculate and took work teaching Hebrew in a Warsaw heder. Inspired by [[Tolstoy]] he had become a vegetarian.<ref name="Teveth 1987 p.14" /> He became involved in Zionist politics and in October 1905 he joined the clandestine Social-Democratic Jewish Workers' Party{{Emdash}}''[[Poale Zion|Poalei Zion]]''. Two months later he was the delegate from Płońsk at a local conference.<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. 28, 30</ref> While in Warsaw the [[Russian Revolution (1905)|Russian Revolution of 1905]] broke out and he was in the city during the clampdown that followed; he was arrested twice, the second time he was held for two weeks and only released with the help of his father. In December 1905 he returned to Płońsk as a full-time Poalei Zion operative. There he worked to oppose the anti-Zionist [[General Jewish Labour Bund|Bund]] who were trying to establish a base. He also organised a strike over working conditions amongst garment workers. He was known to use intimidatory tactics, such as extorting money from wealthy Jews at gunpoint to raise funds for Jewish workers.<ref>Segev (2019) pp. Warsaw 32, 35, college rejection 41, 1905 revolution 43, Poalie Zion 46, prison 47, labor boss 49</ref><ref>Teveth (1987). pp. revolution 25, Poale Zion 28,31, gunman 30</ref><ref name ="Shatz">Adam Shatz, [https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v41/n20/adam-shatz/we-are-conquerors  "We Are Conquerors"], ''[[London Review of Books]]'' Vol. 41 No. 20, 24 October 2019</ref>

Ben-Gurion discussed his hometown in his memoirs, saying:

<blockquote>For many of us, anti-Semitic feeling had little to do with our dedication [to Zionism]. I personally never suffered anti-Semitic persecution. Płońsk was remarkably free of it ... Nevertheless, and I think this very significant, it was Płońsk that sent the highest proportion of Jews to Eretz Israel from any town in Poland of comparable size. We emigrated not for negative reasons of escape but for the positive purpose of rebuilding a homeland ... Life in Płońsk was peaceful enough. There were three main communities: Russians, Jews and Poles. ... The number of Jews and Poles in the city were roughly equal, about five thousand each. The Jews, however, formed a compact, centralized group occupying the innermost districts whilst the Poles were more scattered, living in outlying areas and shading off into the peasantry. Consequently, when a gang of Jewish boys met a Polish gang the latter would almost inevitably represent a single suburb and thus be poorer in fighting potential than the Jews who even if their numbers were initially fewer could quickly call on reinforcements from the entire quarter. Far from being afraid of them, they were rather afraid of us. In general, however, relations were amicable, though distant.<ref>Memoirs: David Ben-Gurion (1970), p. 36.</ref></blockquote>

In autumn of 1906 he left Poland to go to [[Eretz Israel|Palestine]]. He travelled with his sweetheart Rachel Nelkin and her mother, as well as [[Shlomo Zemach]] his comrade from ''Ezra''. His voyage was funded by his father.<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. 35, 36 Shlomo Zemach, Rachel Nelkin + her mother</ref>

=== Ottoman Empire and Constantinople ===
[[File:David Ben-Gurion, 1920-2.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Ben-Gurion]]
[[File:David Ben-Gurion 1912-5.1 V01-1.1A.jpg|thumb|A group portrait of Jewish Ottoman men, among them, [[Istanbul University|Dar al-Funun]] Law Students David Ben-Gurion (sitting row, third from right) and next to him [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi]] (sitting row, second from right), İstanbul ("Kushta"), c. 1912]]
Immediately on landing in [[Jaffa]], 7 September 1906, Ben-Gurion set off, on foot, in a group of 14, to [[Petah Tikva]].<ref>[[Michael Bar-Zohar|Bar-Zohar, Michael]] (1978) ''Ben-Gurion''. Translated by [[Peretz Kidron]]. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. {{ISBN|978-0-297-77401-3}}. Originally published in Israel 1977. p. 14</ref><ref>Teveth (1987). p. 40</ref> It was the largest of the 13 Jewish agricultural settlements and consisted of 80 households with a population of nearly 1,500; of these around 200 were [[Second Aliyah]] pioneers like Ben-Gurion. He found work as a day labourer, waiting each morning hoping to be chosen by an overseer. Jewish workers found it difficult competing with local villagers who were more skilled and prepared to work for less. Ben-Gurion was shocked at the number of Arabs employed. In November he caught [[malaria]] and the doctor advised he return to Europe. By the time he left Petah Tikva in summer of 1907 he had worked an average 10 days a month which frequently left him with no money for food.<ref>Teveth (1987). p. population 40, malaria 43</ref><ref>Segev (2019). p. hunger 64</ref> He wrote long letters in Hebrew to his father and friends. They rarely revealed how difficult life was. Others who had come from Płońsk were writing about tuberculosis, cholera and people dying of hunger.<ref>Teveth p. 42</ref>

On his disembarkation at Jaffa, Ben-Gurion had been spotted by [[Israel Shochat]] who had arrived two years previously and had established a group of around 25 Poale Zion followers. Shochat made a point of inspecting new arrivals looking for recruits. A month after his arrival at Petah Tikva, Shochat invited Ben-Gurion to attend the founding conference of the Jewish Social Democratic Workers' Party in the Land of Israel in Jaffa. The conference, 4–6 October 1906, was attended by 60 or so people. Shochat engineered the elections so that Ben-Gurion was elected onto the five-man Central Committee and the 10-man Manifesto Committee. He also arranged that Ben-Gurion was chosen as chairman of the sessions. These Ben-Gurion conducted in Hebrew, forbidding the translation of his address into Russian or Yiddish. The conference was divided: a large faction{{Emdash}}''Rostovians''{{Emdash}}wanted to create a single Arab–Jewish proletariat. This Shochat and Ben-Gurion opposed. The conference delegated the Manifesto Committee the task of deciding the new party's objectives. They produced ''The [[Ramleh]] Programme'' which was approved by a second smaller 15-man conference held in Jaffa the following January 1907. The programme stated "the party aspires to political independence<ref>Bar-Zohar. has "independence", Lockman, Zachary (1996) ''Comrades and Enemies: Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906–1948''. University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-20419-5}} has "autonomy"</ref> of the Jewish People in this country." All activities were to be conducted in Hebrew; there should be segregation of the Jewish and the Arab economies; and a Jewish trade union was to be established. Three members of the Central Committee resigned and Ben-Gurion and Shochat continued meeting weekly in Jaffa or [[Ben Shemen]] where Shochat was working. Ben-Gurion walked to the meetings from Petah Tikva until he moved to Jaffa where he gave occasional Hebrew lessons. His political activity resulted in the establishment of three small trade unions amongst some tailors, carpenters and shoemakers. He set up the ''Jaffa Professional Trade Union Alliance'' with 75 members. He and Shochat also brokered a settlement to a strike at the [[Rishon Le Zion]] winery where six workers had been sacked. After three months the two-man Central Committee was dissolved, partly because, at that time, Ben-Gurion was less militant than Shochat and the Rostovians. Ben-Gurion returned to Petah Tikva.<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. 39, 47–51, 72–73</ref><ref>Lockman (1996). pp. 46–47</ref><ref>Bar-Zohar (1978). p.17</ref><ref>Negev (2019). p.73</ref>

During this time Ben-Gurion sent a letter to ''Yiddish Kemfer'' ("''The Jewish Fighter''{{-"}}), a Yiddish newspaper in New York City. It was an appeal for funds and was the first time something written by Ben-Gurion was published.<ref>Teveth (1987). p. 48</ref>

The arrival of [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi]] in April 1907 revitalised the local Poale Zion. Eighty followers attended a conference in May at which Ben-Zvi was elected onto a two-man [[Central Committee]] and all Ben-Gurion's policies were reversed: Yiddish, not Hebrew, was the language to be used; the future lay with a united Jewish and Arab [[proletariat]]. Further disappointment came when Ben-Zvi and Shochat were elected as representatives to go to the [[World Zionist Congress]]. Ben-Gurion came last of five candidates. He was not aware that at the next gathering, on Ben-Zvi's return, a secret para-military group was set up{{Emdash}}[[Bar-Giora (organisation)|Bar-Giora]]{{Emdash}}under Shochat's leadership. Distancing himself from Poale Zion activism Ben-Gurion, who had been a day-labourer at [[Kfar Saba]], moved to [[Rishon Lezion]] where he remained for two months. He made detailed plans with which he tried to entice his father to come and be a farmer.<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. 51–55</ref>

In October 1907, on [[Shlomo Zemach]]'s suggestion, Ben-Gurion moved to [[Sejera]]. An agricultural training farm had been established at Sejera in the 1880s and since then a number of family-owned farms, [[moshavah]], had been established forming a community of around 200 Jews. It was one of the most remote colonies in the foothills of north-eastern [[Galilee]]. It took the two young men three days to walk there.<ref>Segev p.87</ref> Coincidentally at the same time Bar Giora, now with about 20 members and calling themselves 'the collective' but still led by Shochat, took on the operating of the training farm. Ben-Gurion found work in the farm but, excluded from 'the collective', he later became a labourer for one of the moshav families. One of the first acts of 'the collective' was organising sacking of the farm's [[Circassians in Syria|Circassian]] nightwatchman. As a result, shots were fired at the farms every night for several months. Guns were brought and the workforce armed. Ben-Gurion took turns patrolling the farm at night.<ref>Segev p. 90</ref>

In the autumn of 1908 Ben-Gurion returned to Płońsk to be conscripted into the [[Imperial Russian Army#Jews in the Russian Army|army]] and avoid his father facing a heavy fine. He immediately deserted and returned to Sejera, travelling, via Germany, with forged papers.<ref>Bar Zohar p.22</ref>

On 12 April 1909 two Jews from Sejera were killed in clashes with local Arabs following the death of a villager from [[Kfar Kanna]], shot in an attempted robbery. There is little conformation of Ben-Gurion's accounts of his part in this event.<ref>Segev p.94</ref>

Later that summer, Ben-Gurion moved to [[Zichron Yaakov]]. From where the following spring he was invited, by Ben-Zvi, to join the staff of Poale Zion's new Hebrew periodical, [[Ha'ahdut]] (The Unity), which was being established in Jerusalem.<ref>Bar Zohar p. 26</ref> They needed his fluency in Hebrew for translating and proof reading.<ref name="Teveth 1987 p.72">Teveth 1987 p.72</ref> It was the end of his career as a farm labourer. The first three editions came out monthly with an initial run of 1000 copies. It then became a weekly with a print run of 450 copies.<ref>Segev pp.101, 103</ref><ref name="Teveth 1987 p.72" /> He contributed 15 articles over the first year, using various pen names, eventually settling for Ben Gurion.<ref>Teveth (1989) p.73</ref> The [[Hebraization of surnames|adopting]] of [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] names was common amongst those who remained during the [[Second Aliyah]].  He chose Ben-Gurion after the historic [[Joseph ben Gurion]].<ref>Segev p.105</ref>

In the spring of 1911, faced with the collapse of the Second Aliyah, Poale Zion's leadership decided the future lay in "Ottomanisation". [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi|Ben-Zvi]], [[Manya Shochat|Manya]] and [[Israel Shochat]] announced their intention to move to [[Istanbul#Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic eras|Istanbul]]. Ben-Zvi and Shochat planned to study law at [[Istanbul University]]; Ben-Gurion was to join them but first needed to learn [[Turkish language|Turkish]], spending eight months in [[Salonika#Jews of Thessaloniki|Salonika]], at that time the most advanced Jewish community in the area. Whilst studying he had to conceal that he was [[Ashkenazi]] due to local [[Sephardic]] prejudices. Ben-Zvi obtained a forged secondary school certificate so Ben-Gurion could join him in [[Istanbul University|Dar al-Funun]].<!--From {{cite news|title=Old Schools Scrapped in Turkey|newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|place=[[Baltimore]]|date=1 October 1933|page=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/159112915/ 2]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} - "Dar-ul-funun" was reformed into University of Istabul.--> Ben-Gurion was entirely dependent on funding from his father, while Ben-Zvi found work teaching. Struggling with ill health, Ben-Gurion spent some time in hospital.<ref>[[Tom Segev|Segev, Tom]] (2018–2019 translation [[Haim Watzman]]) ''A State at Any Cost: The Life of David Ben-Gurion''. Apollo. {{ISBN|978-1-78954-463-3}} pp.109–115</ref><ref>[http://www.oswego.edu/~baloglou/misc/sephardim.html Oswego.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530141514/http://www.oswego.edu/~baloglou/misc/sephardim.html |date=30 May 2011}}, Gila Hadar, "Space and Time in Salonika on the Eve of World War II and the Expulsion and Extermination of Salonika Jewry", ''Yalkut Moseshet'' 4, Winter 2006</ref>

=== Ben-Gurion in America, 1915–1918 ===
[[File:1918 Private BenGurion volunteer in Jewish Legion.jpg|thumb|Ben-Gurion in his [[Jewish Legion]] uniform, 1918]]

Ben-Gurion was at sea, returning from Istanbul, when the [[First World War]] broke out. He was not amongst the thousands of foreign nationals deported in December 1914.<ref>Teveth (1987). mass deportations p. 117</ref> Based in [[Jerusalem]], he and Ben-Zvi recruited forty Jews into a Jewish militia to assist the Ottoman Army. Despite his pro-Ottoman declarations he was deported to Egypt in March 1915.<ref>Segev (2019). pp. 116, 117</ref> From there he made his way to the United States, arriving in May. For the next four months Ben-Gurion and Ben Zvi embarked on a speaking tour planned to visit [[Poale Zion]] groups in 35 cities in an attempt to raise a pioneer army, [[Hechalutz]], of 10,000 men to fight on the Ottoman side.<ref>Teveth (1985). pp. 25, 26.</ref> The tour was a disappointment. Audiences were small; Poale Zion had fewer than 3,000 members, mostly in the New York area. Ben-Gurion was hospitalised with [[diphtheria]] for two weeks and spoke on only five occasions and was poorly received. Ben-Zvi spoke to 14 groups as well as an event in New York City and succeeded in recruiting 44 volunteers for Hechalutz; Ben-Gurion recruited 19.<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. membership 100, tour & illness 103, recruits 104</ref> Ben-Gurion embarked on a second tour in December, speaking at 19 meetings, mostly in small towns with larger events in [[Minneapolis]] and [[History of the Jews in Galveston, Texas|Galveston]].<ref>Teveth (1987). p. 107</ref> Due to the lack of awareness of Poale Zion's activities in Palestine it was decided to republish ''Yizkor'' in [[Yiddish]]. The [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] original was published in [[Jaffa]] in 1911; it consisted of eulogies to [[Zionist]] martyrs and included an account by Ben-Gurion of his Petah Tikva and Sejera experiences. The first edition appeared in February 1916 and was an immediate success; all 3,500 copies were sold. A second edition of 16,000 was published in August. [[Martin Buber]] wrote the introduction to the 1918 German edition. The follow-up was conceived as an anthology of work from Poale Zion leaders; in fact Ben-Gurion took over as editor, writing the introduction and two-thirds of the text. He suspended all his Poale Zion activities and spent most of the next 18 months in [[New York Public Library]]. Ben-Zvi, originally designated as co-editor, contributed a section on Jewish history in which he expounded the theory that the [[fellahin]] currently living in the area were descendants of pre-[[Bar Kokhba Revolt|Roman conquest]] Jews. ''Eretz Israel – Past and Present'' was published in April 1918. It cost $2 and was 500 pages long, over twice the length of ''Yizkor''. It was an immediate success, selling 7,000 copies in 4 months; second and third editions were printed. Total sales of 25,000 copies made a profit of $20,000 for Poale Zion. It made Ben-Gurion the most prominent Poale Zion leader in America.<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. 108, 115–117</ref><ref>Segev (2019) pp. 132–134</ref>

In May 1918 Ben-Gurion joined the newly formed [[Jewish Legion]] of the [[British Army]] and trained at [[Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)|Fort Edward]] in [[Windsor, Nova Scotia]]. He volunteered for the 38th Battalion, [[Royal Fusiliers]], one of the four which constituted the Jewish Legion. His unit fought against the Ottomans as part of [[Chaytor's Force]] during the [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign|Palestine Campaign]], though he remained in a [[Cairo]] hospital with dysentery. In 1918, after a period of guarding prisoners of war in the Egyptian desert, his battalion was transferred to [[Sarafand al-Amar|Sarafand]]. On 13 December 1918 he was demoted from corporal to private, fined three days' pay and transferred to the lowest company in the battalion. He had been five days absent without leave visiting friends in [[Jaffa]]. He was demobilised in early 1919.<ref>Teveth (1987) pp. court martial 135, 136, demob 144</ref>

[[File:Paula Monbas and David Ben Gurion before their wedding in New York.jpg|thumb|David and Paula Ben-Gurion, 1 June 1918]]

=== Marriage and family ===
One of Ben-Gurion's companions when he made the [[Aliyah]] was Rachel Nelkin. Her stepfather, Reb Simcha Isaac, was the leading Zionist in Płońsk, and they had met three years previously at one of his meetings. It was expected that their relationship would continue when they landed in Jaffa but he shut her out after she was fired on her first day labouring{{Emdash}}manuring the citrus groves of Petah Tikva.<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. 20,37,43,44</ref><ref>Bar-Zohar. p. 20. "probably the most profound love he was ever to experience."</ref><ref>Segev p.50</ref>

Whilst in New York City in 1915, he met Russian-born [[Paula Ben-Gurion|Paula Munweis]] and they married in 1917. In November 1919, after an 18-month separation, Paula and their daughter Geula joined Ben-Gurion in [[Jaffa]]. It was the first time he met his one-year-old daughter.<ref>Teveth (1987). pp. 125, 146</ref> The couple had three children: a son, Amos, and two daughters, Geula Ben-Eliezer and Renana Leshem. Amos married Mary Callow, already pregnant with their first child. She was an Irish [[gentile]], and although Reform rabbi [[Joachim Prinz]] converted her to Judaism soon after, neither the Palestine rabbinate nor her mother-in-law Paula Ben-Gurion considered her a real Jew until she underwent an Orthodox conversion many years later.<ref name="Segev2019">{{cite book|author=Tom Segev|title=A State at Any Cost: The Life of David Ben-Gurion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eb9uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT466|date=24 September 2019|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-1-4299-5184-5|page=466}}</ref><ref name=uipppava>{{cite web|url=http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/authors.php?auid=36217|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104060124/http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/authors.php?auid=36217|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|title=Mary Ben-Gurion (biographical details)|website=cosmos.ucc.ie|access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/authors.php?auid=8242|title=Amos Ben-Gurion (biographical details)|website=cosmos.ucc.ie|access-date=31 August 2018|archive-date=31 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831035755/http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/authors.php?auid=8242|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amos became Deputy Inspector-General of the [[Israel Police]], and also the director-general of a textile factory. He and Mary had six granddaughters from their two daughters and a son, Alon, who married a [[Greeks|Greek]] gentile.<ref name="Thakur">{{cite book|author=Pradeep Thakur|title=The Most Important People of the 20th Century (Part-I): Leaders & Revolutionaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WFZwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-557-77886-7|page=26}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=March 2024}} Geula had two sons and a daughter, and Renana, who worked as a microbiologist at the [[Israel Institute for Biological Research]], had a son.<ref name="apples trees">{{cite news|last=Beckerman|first=Gal|title=The apples sometimes fall far from the tree|url=http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=23263|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=29 May 2006}}</ref>