Editing Darwin (operating system) (section)

==History==
[[File:Unix timeline.en.svg|thumb|Simplified history of [[Unix-like]] operating systems]]
The heritage of Darwin began with Unix derivatives supplemented by aspects of [[NeXT]]'s [[NeXTSTEP]] operating system (later, since version 4.0, known as OPENSTEP), first released in 1989. After Apple bought NeXT in 1996, it announced it would base its next operating system on OPENSTEP. This was developed into [[Rhapsody (operating system)|Rhapsody]] in 1997, [[Mac OS X Server 1.0]] in 1999, [[Mac OS X Public Beta]] in 2000, and [[Mac OS X v10.0|Mac OS X 10.0]] in 2001.

In 1999, Apple announced it would release the source code for the Mach 2.5 microkernel, [[4.4BSD|BSD Unix 4.4 OS]], and the [[Apache Web server]] components of Mac OS X Server.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Walsh |first1=Jeff |title=Apple goes open source with key OS components |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G1AEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40 |access-date=17 February 2020 |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |volume=21 |issue=12 |page=40 |publisher=IDG InfoWorld |date=March 22, 1999}}</ref> At the time, interim CEO [[Steve Jobs]] alluded to British naturalist [[Charles Darwin]] by announcing "because it's about evolution".<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Kahney |first1=Leander |title=Apple Opens OS Code |url=https://www.wired.com/1999/03/apple-opens-os-code/ |magazine=Wired |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=17 February 2020 |archive-date=February 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217104333/https://www.wired.com/1999/03/apple-opens-os-code/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2000, the core operating system components of Mac OS X were released as [[open-source software]] under the [[Apple Public Source License]] (APSL) as Darwin; the higher-level components, such as the [[Cocoa (API)|Cocoa]] and [[Carbon (API)|Carbon]] frameworks, remained [[proprietary software|closed-source]].

Up to Darwin 8.0.1, released in April 2005, Apple released a binary installer (as an [[ISO image]]) after each major Mac OS X release that allowed one to install Darwin on [[PowerPC]] and [[X86|Intel x86]] systems as a standalone operating system.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple ISO download directory|url=https://opensource.apple.com/static/iso/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007041552/https://opensource.apple.com/static/iso/|archive-date=2016-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minor updates were released as packages that were installed separately. Darwin is now only available as source code. As of January 2023, Apple no longer mentions Darwin by name on its [https://opensource.apple.com Open Source website] and only publishes [https://opensource.apple.com/releases/ an incomplete collection of open-source projects relating to macOS and iOS].