Editing Daniel Bernoulli (section)

==Early life==
[[File:HYDRODYNAMICA, Danielis Bernoulli.png|thumb|right|200px|Frontpage of ''[[Hydrodynamica]]'' (1738)]]
Daniel Bernoulli was born in [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]], in the Netherlands, into a [[Bernoulli family|family]] of distinguished mathematicians.<ref name=Rothbard>[[Murray Rothbard|Rothbard, Murray]]. [https://mises.org/daily/4941/Daniel-Bernoulli-and-the-Founding-of-Mathematical-Economics Daniel Bernoulli and the Founding of Mathematical Economics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728151840/http://mises.org/daily/4941/Daniel-Bernoulli-and-the-Founding-of-Mathematical-Economics |date=28 July 2013 }}, ''[[Mises Institute]]'' (excerpted from ''[[An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought]]'')</ref> The Bernoulli family came originally from Antwerp, at that time in the [[Spanish Netherlands]], but emigrated to escape the Spanish persecution of the [[Protestant]]s. After a brief period in Frankfurt the family moved to Basel, in Switzerland.

Daniel was the son of [[Johann Bernoulli]] (one of the early developers of [[calculus]]) and a nephew of [[Jacob Bernoulli]] (an early researcher in [[probability theory]] and the discoverer of the mathematical constant [[E (mathematical constant)|e]]).<ref name=Rothbard/> He had two brothers, [[Nicolaus II Bernoulli|Niklaus]] and [[Johann II Bernoulli|Johann II]]. Daniel Bernoulli was described by [[W. W. Rouse Ball]] as "by far the ablest of the younger Bernoullis".<ref name="ball">{{cite book |last=Rouse Ball |first=W. W. |author-link=W. W. Rouse Ball |chapter=The Bernoullis |chapter-url=http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Bernoullis/RouseBall/RB_Bernoullis.html |title=A Short Account of the History of Mathematics |publisher=Dover |orig-year=1908 |year=2003 |isbn=0-486-20630-0 |edition=4th |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/shortaccountofhi0000ball }}</ref>

He is said to have had a bad relationship with his father. Both of them entered and tied for first place in a scientific contest at the [[University of Paris]]. Johann banned Daniel from his house, allegedly being unable to bear the "shame" of Daniel being considered his equal. Johann allegedly plagiarized key ideas from Daniel's book ''[[Hydrodynamica]]'' in his book ''Hydraulica'' and backdated them to before ''Hydrodynamica''.{{cn|date=April 2024}} Daniel's attempts at reconciliation with his father were unsuccessful.<ref name="mactutor">{{MacTutor Biography|id=Bernoulli_Daniel}} (1998)</ref>

When he was in school, Johann encouraged Daniel to study business citing poor financial compensation for mathematicians. Daniel initially refused but later relented and studied both business and [[medicine]] at his father's behest under the condition that his father would teach him mathematics privately.<ref name="mactutor"/> Daniel studied medicine at [[University of Basel|Basel]], [[Heidelberg University|Heidelberg]], and [[University of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]], and earned a PhD in anatomy and botany in 1721.

He was a contemporary and close friend of [[Leonhard Euler]].<ref name="andhist">{{cite book|last=Anderson, John David|title=A History of Aerodynamics and its Impact on Flying Machines|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1997|location=New York, NY|page=47|isbn=0-521-45435-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Calinger|first=Ronald|date=1996|title=Leonhard Euler: The First St. Petersburg Years (1727–1741)|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82068344.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328192941/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82068344.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live|journal=Historia Mathematica|volume=23|issue=2|pages=121–166|doi=10.1006/hmat.1996.0015}}</ref> He went to [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] in 1724 as professor of mathematics, but was very unhappy there. A temporary illness<ref name="mactutor"/> together with the censorship by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]<ref>Calinger, Ronald (1996).p.127</ref> and disagreements over his salary gave him an excuse for leaving St. Petersburg in 1733.<ref>Calinger, Ronald (1996), pp.127–128</ref> He returned to the [[University of Basel]], where he successively held the chairs of [[medicine]], [[metaphysics]], and [[natural philosophy]] until his death.<ref name="eb"/>

In May 1750 he was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://makingscience.royalsociety.org/people/na2318/daniel-bernoulli|title=Daniel Bernoulli|work=Science in the Making |publisher=Royal Society |access-date=30 April 2025 }}</ref>